Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Glatiramer acetate is a mix of synthetic protein fragments that resemble myelin basic protein, part of the protective coating of nerves. It is thought to divert the immune attack in multiple sclerosis and shift immune cells towards a calmer, regulatory state. It is injected under the skin daily or three times a week for relapsing multiple sclerosis. It is sold as Copaxone and as generics.
As a peptide mixture broken down at the injection site, glatiramer is not handled by drug-processing enzymes. Studies have looked at immune genes such as HLA-DRB1*15:01 (the main inherited risk factor for multiple sclerosis), CTLA4, TGFB1 and CCR5 for who responds. The findings come from single or a few studies, and there is no CPIC or DPWG guideline.
Every published finding on gene variants and Glatiramer Acetate. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
rs12459996: Level 3. Toxicity. 1.
rs1056854: Level 3. Toxicity. 1.
rs75041078: Level 3. Toxicity. 1.
Studies of how well it worked in people carrying a variant.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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