Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Benzodiazepines are a class of medicines that strengthen the calming effect of GABA at GABA-A receptors in the brain. The class includes diazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam, clonazepam, midazolam and many others, used for anxiety, panic, insomnia, seizures, alcohol withdrawal and sedation before procedures. Dependence and withdrawal can develop with regular use. This page collects studies on benzodiazepines as a group.
The studies listed for the class looked at GAL (galanin) and OPRM1, the latter in people also taking opioids. Individual benzodiazepines differ in how they are cleared: diazepam and clobazam depend partly on CYP2C19, alprazolam and midazolam on CYP3A4, and lorazepam on UGT enzymes, as described on their own pages. There is no CPIC or DPWG guideline.
Every published finding on gene variants and Benzodiazepines. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
GAL rs948854: Level 3. Efficacy: Major Depressive Disorder. 1.
OPRM1 rs1799971: Level 3. Toxicity: Cardiac Arrest, Overdose, Respiratory Insufficiency. 1.
Studies of how well it worked in people carrying a variant.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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