Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Alprazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine that strengthens the calming effect of GABA in the brain. It is used for anxiety disorders and panic disorder. Dependence and withdrawal can develop with regular use, so it is usually prescribed for limited periods. It is sold as Xanax and Niravam, among other names.
Alprazolam is broken down almost entirely by CYP3A4 (with CYP3A5), so CYP3A4 blockers such as ketoconazole raise its levels markedly. The gene studies on it looked at CYP3A4 variants for its levels and sedation. The findings come from a few studies, and there is no CPIC or DPWG guideline.
Every published finding on gene variants and Alprazolam. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
CYP3A4 CYP3A4*1, CYP3A4*22: Level 3. Toxicity: adverse events, Alcohol abuse, Anxiety Disorders. 1.
CYP3A4 rs35599367: Level 3. Metabolism/PK. 1.
CYP3A4 CYP3A4*1, CYP3A4*22: Level 3. Efficacy: Alcohol abuse, Anxiety Disorders. 1.
Studies of how quickly the body processes this medication.
Studies of how well it worked in people carrying a variant.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Benzodiazepines (class) (Benzodiazepines)
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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