What you carry at this position in your DNA and what research says about it.
Triglyceride and Heart Risk: 10/10 evidence, 82 publications.
You're viewing every possible genotype for this variant.
None of these is your result. Use the genotype toggle to compare them, then sign up and upload your DNA to see which one is yours.
Sample genotype (not yours): G/G
High Triglycerides and Elevated Cardiovascular Risk
Carrying two copies of the G allele is strongly associated with elevated fasting and postprandial triglycerides. This genotype also significantly increases the risk of developing coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome.
What this genotype means: Elevated fasting and postprandial triglycerides; Higher risk of coronary artery disease; Increased susceptibility to metabolic syndrome.
Sample genotype (not yours): C/C
Typical Triglyceride Levels and Lower Heart Risk
Carrying two copies of the C allele is associated with typical, healthy triglyceride levels and optimal HDL cholesterol. This genotype provides relative protection against metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease.
What this genotype means: Typical, healthy triglyceride levels; Lower risk of coronary artery disease; Optimal HDL cholesterol levels.
Sample genotype (not yours): G/C
Moderately Elevated Triglycerides and Heart Risk
Carrying one copy of the G allele is linked to moderately higher triglyceride levels and a slight reduction in protective HDL cholesterol. This intermediate profile carries a modest increase in cardiovascular and metabolic risks.
What this genotype means: Moderately elevated triglycerides; Slightly increased risk of coronary artery disease; Slightly lower HDL cholesterol.
Gene function and biological role
Gene Function: ZPR1 encodes a zinc finger protein that plays a vital role in cell growth, signaling, and transcription regulation [1]. It is located on chromosome 11 near the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster, which is highly involved in lipid metabolism [2]. ZPR1 interacts directly with apolipoprotein A5 to help regulate how the body processes fats [1]. Decreased expression or disruption of ZPR1 is associated with altered lipid levels and metabolic dysfunction [3].
Variant Impact: The rs964184 variant is located in the 3 prime untranslated region of the ZPR1 gene, a region that influences gene expression and stability [2]. This genetic change is strongly linked to variations in blood lipid levels, particularly triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [4]. The G allele of this variant is associated with significantly higher fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels [5]. It also correlates with an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes, including coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction [6].
Key Insight: A low-fat diet is highly effective at reducing postprandial triglyceride spikes specifically for carriers of the G allele, whereas a Mediterranean diet shows less impact on this specific genetic risk.
Location: ZPR1. Chromosome 11 · 11q23.3 · 116.8 Mb
Estimated prevalence by population
Global 3.3%; European 1.9%; African 4.4%; East Asian 5.4%; South Asian 5.5%; Americas 6.2%; Ashkenazi 3.1%; Finnish 1.9%; Middle Eastern 5.7%; Amish 5.2%.
Estimated GG genotype frequency.
Global 28.8%; European 23.8%; African 33.1%; East Asian 35.8%; South Asian 35.9%; Americas 37.3%; Ashkenazi 29.0%; Finnish 23.6%; Middle Eastern 36.3%; Amish 35.1%.
Estimated GC genotype frequency.
Global 67.9%; European 74.3%; African 62.6%; East Asian 58.8%; South Asian 58.6%; Americas 56.5%; Ashkenazi 67.9%; Finnish 74.5%; Middle Eastern 58.0%; Amish 59.7%.
Estimated CC genotype frequency.
Showing effects for G/G genotype
Cardiovascular & Metabolic
Lipids & Cholesterol
Triglycerides. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 19060906. Highly Increased.
HDL Cholesterol. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 19060906. Lower Levels.
Heart Disease
Coronary Artery Disease. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 21378990. Increased Risk.
Metabolic Syndrome & Insulin Resistance
Metabolic Syndrome. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 22399527. Increased Risk.
Showing effects for C/C genotype
Triglycerides. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 19060906. Typical.
HDL Cholesterol. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 19060906. Typical Levels.
Coronary Artery Disease. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 21378990. Typical Risk.
Metabolic Syndrome. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 22399527. Typical Risk.
Showing effects for G/C genotype
Triglycerides. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 19060906. Moderately Increased.
HDL Cholesterol. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 19060906. Slightly Lower.
Coronary Artery Disease. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 21378990. Slightly Increased.
Metabolic Syndrome. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 22399527. Slightly Increased.
What this genotype means for the people who carry it
Sample genotype: GG (Homozygous)
Fasting triglyceride levels are typically much higher in those with this genotype [1]. The presence of two G alleles is associated with a more than threefold increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia compared to the typical population [2]. This lipid imbalance often extends to lower levels of protective HDL cholesterol and higher levels of apolipoprotein B [3]. Consequently, the risk of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction is significantly elevated [4]. Research indicates that these individuals also face a higher likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome and abdominal aortic aneurysms [5]. Interestingly, dietary choices can heavily influence these genetic risks, as a low-fat diet has been shown to help normalize postprandial triglyceride spikes in G allele carriers [6].
Elevated fasting and postprandial triglycerides; Higher risk of coronary artery disease; Increased susceptibility to metabolic syndrome.
Sample genotype: CC (Homozygous)
Healthy lipid processing is a hallmark of this genotype, which represents the most common genetic profile globally [1]. Triglyceride levels, both fasting and after meals, typically remain within normal, healthy ranges [2]. Levels of protective high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are generally optimal, supporting efficient cardiovascular clearance [3]. As a result, the risk of developing coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, or abdominal aortic aneurysms is significantly lower compared to G allele carriers [4]. The likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome or hypertension is also minimized [5]. These individuals generally maintain a stable lipid response to standard dietary fat intake [6].
Typical, healthy triglyceride levels; Lower risk of coronary artery disease; Optimal HDL cholesterol levels.
Sample genotype: GC (Heterozygous)
A single copy of the G allele shifts the lipid profile toward higher circulating triglycerides [1]. While the impact is less pronounced than in those with two copies, it still represents a notable increase in hypertriglyceridemia risk [2]. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels tend to be slightly lower, which reduces the body's natural clearance of excess cholesterol [3]. These lipid changes contribute to a moderately elevated risk of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction [4]. Metabolic syndrome and abdominal aortic aneurysms are also slightly more common in this group [5]. Fortunately, clinical studies suggest that dietary modifications, particularly reducing overall fat intake, can effectively mitigate the postprandial triglyceride spikes associated with this allele [6].
Moderately elevated triglycerides; Slightly increased risk of coronary artery disease; Slightly lower HDL cholesterol.
Variants with shared genetic architecture
rs3741298 · ZPR1 Gene · Chr 11 · Triglycerides and Cholesterol
rs2075290 · ZPR1 Gene · Chr 11 · Triglyceride Levels
rs6589566 · ZPR1 Gene · Chr 11 · Triglyceride Levels
Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids.
The ZPR1 genotype predicts myocardial infarction in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.
Common variants at 30 loci contribute to polygenic dyslipidemia.
Large-scale association analysis identifies 13 new susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease.
Genetic Architecture of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in the Million Veteran Program.
Genetic variants influencing circulating lipid levels and risk of coronary artery disease.
Content updated August 2026.
ReadYourDNA provides educational interpretation of DNA data you already have. It is not diagnostic, not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Talk to a clinician before acting on any result.
Raw DNA Data Reports for 23andMe & AncestryDNA · About ReadYourDNA · FAQ · Methodology & Science · Pricing · Support and complaints · Legal & Contact · Health Traits · Pharmacogenomics · Carrier Status · Variant Explorer · The Human Karyotype · Privacy Policy · Terms of Service · Accessibility · Consumer Health Data Privacy · Your Privacy Choices · Editorial Standards · Your Data, Checkable · Sample Report · ReadYourDNA and Promethease compared · What is inside a 23andMe raw data file · What is inside an AncestryDNA raw data file · What a chatbot can and cannot do with your raw DNA file · Where a raw DNA file can still be uploaded in 2026
Written, maintained and operated by Martin Pechhacker, sole proprietor, Vienna, Austria. Trade register GISA 40064420. support@readyourdna.com