What you carry at this position in your DNA and what research says about it.
Triglyceride Levels: 8/10 evidence, 8 publications.
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Sample genotype (not yours): C/C
Higher Triglycerides and Metabolic Risk
Blood triglyceride levels tend to be significantly higher and protective HDL cholesterol levels lower. This combination increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular issues.
What this genotype means: Significantly higher triglyceride levels; Lower HDL cholesterol; Increased risk of metabolic syndrome.
Sample genotype (not yours): C/T
Slightly Higher Triglycerides and Metabolic Risk
Blood triglyceride levels tend to be moderately elevated and HDL cholesterol slightly lower. This intermediate profile carries a mild increase in metabolic and cardiovascular risks.
What this genotype means: Moderately higher triglyceride levels; Slightly lower HDL cholesterol; Mildly increased metabolic risk.
Sample genotype (not yours): T/T
Typical Triglycerides and Metabolic Risk
Blood triglyceride levels and protective HDL cholesterol levels typically remain in a healthy range. This genotype helps maintain a balanced lipid profile and a typical metabolic risk.
What this genotype means: Typical triglyceride levels; Optimal HDL cholesterol levels; Typical metabolic risk.
Gene function and biological role
Gene Function: ZPR1 encodes a zinc finger protein that plays a key role in cell proliferation, signal transduction, and lipid metabolism [1]. It is located in the chromosome 11q23.3 region, a well-known gene cluster containing apolipoprotein genes like APOA5 and BUD13 [1]. This protein interacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor to regulate cellular growth and division [2]. It also plays a crucial role in organizing survival motor neurons in the nucleolus [2].
Variant Impact: The rs2075290 variant is an intronic change located within the ZPR1 gene. This genetic variation is strongly linked to alterations in blood lipid levels, particularly triglycerides and cholesterol [3]. It also influences susceptibility to metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease [4]. The variant is thought to affect the expression of ZPR1 or neighboring genes in the lipid-regulating gene cluster [3].
Key Insight: This variant sits in a highly active gene cluster on chromosome 11 that acts as a major control center for how your body processes fats.
Location: ZPR1. Chromosome 11 · 11q23.3 · 116.8 Mb
Estimated prevalence by population
Global 0.9%; European 0.6%; African 0.3%; East Asian 6.1%; South Asian 3.7%; Americas 1.5%; Ashkenazi 1.0%; Finnish 0.7%; Middle Eastern 1.8%; Amish 1.4%.
Estimated CC genotype frequency.
Global 15.5%; European 13.7%; African 11.0%; East Asian 37.3%; South Asian 31.2%; Americas 21.7%; Ashkenazi 18.4%; Finnish 15.4%; Middle Eastern 23.0%; Amish 21.0%.
Estimated CT genotype frequency.
Global 83.6%; European 85.7%; African 88.7%; East Asian 56.6%; South Asian 65.1%; Americas 76.8%; Ashkenazi 80.6%; Finnish 83.9%; Middle Eastern 75.2%; Amish 77.6%.
Estimated TT genotype frequency.
Showing effects for C/C genotype
Cardiovascular & Metabolic
Lipids & Cholesterol
Triglycerides. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Higher Levels.
HDL Cholesterol. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Lower Levels.
LDL Cholesterol. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 29507422. Higher Levels.
Metabolic Syndrome & Insulin Resistance
Metabolic Syndrome. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Higher Risk.
Heart Disease
Coronary Artery Disease. Evidence: 4/10. Source: PMID 35915156. Higher Risk.
Showing effects for C/T genotype
Triglycerides. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Slightly Higher.
HDL Cholesterol. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Slightly Lower.
LDL Cholesterol. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 29507422. Slightly Higher.
Metabolic Syndrome. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Slightly Higher.
Coronary Artery Disease. Evidence: 4/10. Source: PMID 35915156. Slightly Higher.
Showing effects for T/T genotype
Triglycerides. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Typical Levels.
HDL Cholesterol. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Typical Levels.
LDL Cholesterol. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 29507422. Typical Levels.
Metabolic Syndrome. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Typical Risk.
Coronary Artery Disease. Evidence: 4/10. Source: PMID 35915156. Typical Risk.
What this genotype means for the people who carry it
Sample genotype: CC (Homozygous)
Blood lipid profiles show a strong association between the C/C genotype and elevated triglycerides [1]. Large-scale genomic studies show that this genotype significantly lowers protective HDL cholesterol levels [2]. These lipid imbalances contribute directly to a higher likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome [3]. Research also links this genetic profile to an increased risk of coronary artery disease [4].
Significantly higher triglyceride levels; Lower HDL cholesterol; Increased risk of metabolic syndrome.
Sample genotype: CT (Heterozygous)
Inheriting a single C allele places individuals in an intermediate category for lipid metabolism [1]. Studies indicate moderate elevations in triglycerides and total cholesterol compared to the typical genotype [2]. Protective HDL cholesterol levels may also be slightly reduced [3]. This pattern contributes to a modest increase in the risk of metabolic syndrome [4]. While the risk is lower than in those with two copies of the C allele, maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle remains beneficial. Focusing on a diet rich in whole foods and soluble fiber can help support healthy lipid levels. Regular cardiovascular exercise is also an effective way to manage these metabolic markers.
Moderately higher triglyceride levels; Slightly lower HDL cholesterol; Mildly increased metabolic risk.
Sample genotype: TT (Homozygous)
The T/T genotype represents the most common genetic profile globally and is associated with healthy lipid levels [1]. This genotype is linked to lower triglycerides and higher levels of protective HDL cholesterol [2]. Large population studies show that individuals with this profile have a typical baseline risk for metabolic syndrome [3]. They also exhibit a lower susceptibility to coronary artery disease compared to C allele carriers [4]. A standard balanced diet and regular exercise are generally highly effective for maintaining cardiovascular health in this group. No special dietary interventions are typically indicated based on this genetic marker alone. Standard wellness guidelines remain the best approach for long-term health.
Typical triglyceride levels; Optimal HDL cholesterol levels; Typical metabolic risk.
Variants with shared genetic architecture
rs3741298 · ZPR1 Gene · Chr 11 · Triglycerides and Cholesterol
rs964184 · ZPR1 Gene · Chr 11 · Triglyceride and Heart Risk
rs6589566 · ZPR1 Gene · Chr 11 · Triglyceride Levels
A bivariate genome-wide approach to metabolic syndrome: STAMPEED consortium.
A large electronic-health-record-based genome-wide study of serum lipids.
Genetic analyses of diverse populations improves discovery for complex traits.
Content updated August 2026.
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