What you carry at this position in your DNA and what research says about it.
Metabolic Health Risk: 8/10 evidence, 50 publications.
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Sample genotype (not yours): T/T
Higher Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Issues
Two copies of the T allele are associated with lower levels of protective adiponectin and higher triglycerides. This combination increases the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
What this genotype means: Lower circulating adiponectin levels; Elevated blood triglycerides; Higher risk of type 2 diabetes.
Sample genotype (not yours): C/C
Typical Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Issues
Two copies of the C allele are associated with typical levels of adiponectin and standard triglyceride levels. This genotype provides a baseline metabolic profile with no elevated risk for type 2 diabetes.
What this genotype means: Typical circulating adiponectin levels; Standard triglyceride levels; Typical baseline risk of type 2 diabetes.
Sample genotype (not yours): T/C
Slightly Higher Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
One copy of the T allele is associated with a modest reduction in adiponectin and slightly elevated triglycerides. This slightly increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
What this genotype means: Mildly reduced adiponectin levels; Slightly elevated triglycerides; Slightly increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
Gene function and biological role
Gene Function: The CMIP gene encodes the c-Maf inducing protein, which plays a critical role in cellular signaling pathways, particularly in T-cell activation and insulin signaling [1]. It is highly expressed in metabolic tissues and has been linked to the regulation of glucose metabolism and lipid clearance [1]. CMIP is also involved in the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway, which regulates inflammatory responses in adipose tissue [2]. Variations in this gene can alter its expression, affecting insulin sensitivity and the secretion of adipokines [2]. Consequently, CMIP is a key locus of interest in genome-wide studies of metabolic syndrome, obesity-related traits, and cardiovascular health [2].
Variant Impact: The rs2925979 variant is an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism located within the CMIP gene on chromosome 16. This genetic change influences the expression of CMIP, which downstream affects the production of adiponectin, a hormone crucial for insulin sensitivity [3]. The T allele of this variant is associated with reduced circulating levels of adiponectin and apolipoprotein A1 [3] [4]. It also correlates with elevated triglycerides and a higher waist-to-hip ratio [5] [6]. These molecular changes collectively contribute to an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome [7].
Key Insight: Carrying the T allele of this variant is linked to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, but paradoxically correlates with a slightly lower body mass index in some populations.
Location: CMIP. Chromosome 16 · 16q23.2 · 81.5 Mb
Estimated prevalence by population
Global 8.8%; European 8.7%; African 9.6%; East Asian 16.0%; South Asian 8.0%; Americas 4.4%; Ashkenazi 5.9%; Finnish 9.7%; Middle Eastern 10.2%; Amish 8.6%.
Estimated TT genotype frequency.
Global 41.2%; European 41.7%; African 42.7%; East Asian 48.0%; South Asian 40.6%; Americas 33.2%; Ashkenazi 36.7%; Finnish 42.8%; Middle Eastern 43.5%; Amish 41.4%.
Estimated TC genotype frequency.
Global 50.0%; European 49.6%; African 47.7%; East Asian 36.0%; South Asian 51.4%; Americas 62.4%; Ashkenazi 57.5%; Finnish 47.5%; Middle Eastern 46.3%; Amish 50.0%.
Estimated CC genotype frequency.
Showing effects for T/T genotype
Cardiovascular & Metabolic
Diabetes & Glycemic Traits
Type 2 Diabetes. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 32541925. ~1.1x Higher Risk.
Lipids & Cholesterol
Triglycerides. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 29507422. Elevated Levels.
Metabolic Syndrome & Insulin Resistance
Adiponectin Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 32915782. Lower Levels.
Metabolic Syndrome. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 31589552. Increased Risk.
Obesity & Body Composition
Waist-to-Hip Ratio. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 25673412. Increased Ratio.
Showing effects for C/C genotype
Type 2 Diabetes. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 32541925. Typical Risk.
Triglycerides. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 29507422. Typical Levels.
Adiponectin Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 32915782. Typical Levels.
Metabolic Syndrome. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 31589552. Typical Risk.
Waist-to-Hip Ratio. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 25673412. Typical Ratio.
Showing effects for T/C genotype
Type 2 Diabetes. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 32541925. Slightly Higher Risk.
Triglycerides. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 29507422. Slightly Elevated.
Adiponectin Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 32915782. Slightly Lower.
Metabolic Syndrome. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 31589552. Slightly Increased.
Waist-to-Hip Ratio. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 25673412. Slightly Increased.
What this genotype means for the people who carry it
Sample genotype: TT (Homozygous)
Two copies of the T allele at this locus are linked to several metabolic changes that can impact long-term health. Studies show that this genotype is associated with lower circulating levels of adiponectin, a hormone that normally enhances insulin sensitivity and reduces inflammation [1]. Consequently, individuals with this genetic profile have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes [2]. This genetic profile is also linked to elevated blood triglycerides and a higher waist-to-hip ratio, which are key components of metabolic syndrome [3] [4]. Interestingly, research suggests that physical activity levels can interact with this locus to help mitigate genetic metabolic risks [5].
Lower circulating adiponectin levels; Elevated blood triglycerides; Higher risk of type 2 diabetes; Increased waist-to-hip ratio.
Sample genotype: CC (Homozygous)
Two copies of the C allele represent the most common genetic profile and are associated with typical metabolic health. This genotype correlates with optimal circulating levels of adiponectin, a hormone that promotes insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular health [1]. Individuals with this genotype do not carry the risk-associated T allele, resulting in a typical baseline risk for type 2 diabetes [2]. Lipid panels generally show standard triglyceride levels and a typical waist-to-hip ratio [3] [4]. While this genetic profile is protective against the elevated risks seen in T allele carriers, overall metabolic health remains heavily influenced by lifestyle. Maintaining a balanced diet and active lifestyle is still essential for long-term wellness [5]. Standard health guidelines for diet, exercise, and routine checkups are highly effective for individuals with this genotype.
Typical circulating adiponectin levels; Standard triglyceride levels; Typical baseline risk of type 2 diabetes.
Sample genotype: TC (Heterozygous)
One copy of the T allele is associated with intermediate metabolic effects compared to the other genotypes. Research indicates that having one T allele leads to slightly lower circulating levels of adiponectin, which can mildly affect insulin sensitivity [1]. This genotype is also linked to a modest increase in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes [2]. Blood lipid profiles may show slightly elevated triglycerides and a minor increase in waist-to-hip ratio [3] [4]. However, these genetic influences are relatively small and highly manageable through daily habits. Engaging in regular physical activity has been shown to interact favorably with this locus, helping to offset genetic metabolic risks [5]. Focusing on a nutrient-dense diet rich in fiber and healthy fats supports optimal metabolic function. Monitoring standard cardiovascular and metabolic biomarkers provides valuable personalized health insights.
Mildly reduced adiponectin levels; Slightly elevated triglycerides; Slightly increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
Variants with shared genetic architecture
rs10096633 · LPL Gene · Chr 8 · Triglycerides and Heart Health
rs10790162 · BUD13 Gene · Chr 11 · Triglyceride Levels
rs17482753 · LPL Gene · Chr 8 · Cholesterol and Triglycerides
Genome-Wide Association Study of the Metabolic Syndrome in UK Biobank.
Genetics of 35 blood and urine biomarkers in the UK Biobank.
A large electronic-health-record-based genome-wide study of serum lipids.
New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
Multi-ancestry study of blood lipid levels identifies four loci interacting with physical activity.
Content updated August 2026.
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