What you carry at this position in your DNA and what research says about it.
Triglyceride Levels: 10/10 evidence, 8 publications.
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Sample genotype (not yours): A/A
Elevated Triglycerides and Metabolic Risk
Two copies of the minor A allele are linked to significantly higher blood triglyceride levels and an increased risk of metabolic syndrome.
What this genotype means: Significantly higher blood triglyceride levels; Increased risk of metabolic syndrome; Elevated risk of coronary artery disease.
Sample genotype (not yours): A/G
Moderately Higher Triglycerides and Metabolic Risk
One copy of the minor A allele is associated with moderately elevated triglyceride levels and a slightly higher risk of metabolic syndrome.
What this genotype means: Moderately higher blood triglyceride levels; Slightly increased risk of metabolic syndrome; Modestly elevated cardiovascular risk.
Sample genotype (not yours): G/G
Typical Triglycerides and Lower Metabolic Risk
Two copies of the major G allele are associated with typical blood triglyceride levels and a lower risk of metabolic syndrome.
What this genotype means: Typical blood triglyceride levels; Lower risk of metabolic syndrome; Standard baseline cardiovascular risk.
Gene function and biological role
Gene Function: BUD13 homolog encodes a protein that functions as a subunit of the retention and splicing complex, which is essential for proper pre-mRNA splicing [1]. Located on chromosome 11, this gene resides within a well-characterized gene cluster that heavily influences lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk [1]. Splicing regulators like BUD13 are crucial for the post-transcriptional control of metabolic pathways in the liver and adipose tissue [2]. Variations in this gene can alter the expression of nearby lipid-regulating genes, directly impacting how the body processes fats [2].
Variant Impact: The rs10790162 variant is an intronic change located within the BUD13 gene that influences circulating blood lipid levels [1]. This genetic variation alters the splicing efficiency or expression of lipid-clearing proteins, leading to differences in fat accumulation in the bloodstream [1]. Studies across diverse populations have linked this specific genetic marker to variations in triglycerides, cholesterol fractions, and overall metabolic health [3]. Because it sits in a highly active metabolic gene region, its downstream effects extend to cardiovascular risk profiles [3].
Key Insight: This variant is part of a tightly linked cluster of genes on chromosome 11 that acts as a major control hub for blood lipid levels across global populations.
Location: BUD13. Chromosome 11 · 11q23.3 · 116.8 Mb
Estimated prevalence by population
Global 0.7%; European 0.5%; African < 0.1%; East Asian 5.2%; South Asian 3.6%; Americas 1.3%; Ashkenazi 0.8%; Finnish 0.7%; Middle Eastern 1.1%; Amish 1.1%.
Estimated AA genotype frequency.
Global 12.7%; European 13.2%; African 3.1%; East Asian 35.2%; South Asian 30.9%; Americas 20.2%; Ashkenazi 16.4%; Finnish 15.0%; Middle Eastern 18.9%; Amish 18.5%.
Estimated AG genotype frequency.
Global 86.5%; European 86.3%; African 96.9%; East Asian 59.6%; South Asian 65.5%; Americas 78.5%; Ashkenazi 82.8%; Finnish 84.3%; Middle Eastern 80.0%; Amish 80.4%.
Estimated GG genotype frequency.
Showing effects for A/A genotype
Cardiovascular & Metabolic
Lipids & Cholesterol
Triglycerides. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Significantly Higher.
Total Cholesterol. Evidence: 9/10. Source: PMID 35945198. Elevated.
Metabolic Syndrome & Insulin Resistance
Metabolic Syndrome. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Increased Risk.
Heart Disease
Coronary Artery Disease. Evidence: 5/10. Source: PMID 35915156. Increased Risk.
Showing effects for A/G genotype
Triglycerides. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Moderately Higher.
Total Cholesterol. Evidence: 9/10. Source: PMID 35945198. Slightly Elevated.
Metabolic Syndrome. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Slightly Increased.
Coronary Artery Disease. Evidence: 5/10. Source: PMID 35915156. Slightly Increased.
Showing effects for G/G genotype
Triglycerides. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Typical Levels.
Total Cholesterol. Evidence: 9/10. Source: PMID 35945198. Typical Levels.
Metabolic Syndrome. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 21386085. Typical Risk.
Coronary Artery Disease. Evidence: 5/10. Source: PMID 35915156. Typical Risk.
What this genotype means for the people who carry it
Sample genotype: AA (Homozygous)
Carrying two copies of the A allele is strongly associated with elevated circulating triglycerides and total cholesterol [1]. This genetic profile can impair the body's natural ability to clear fats from the bloodstream efficiently, leading to lipid accumulation [1]. Large-scale genome-wide association studies have consistently demonstrated that this genotype increases susceptibility to metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that raise the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes [2]. Furthermore, the elevated lipid levels associated with this genotype contribute to a higher overall risk of coronary artery disease [3]. Managing dietary fat intake and maintaining regular physical activity are particularly relevant for individuals with this genetic makeup to help support healthy blood lipid profiles.
Significantly higher blood triglyceride levels; Increased risk of metabolic syndrome; Elevated risk of coronary artery disease.
Sample genotype: AG (Heterozygous)
Carrying a single copy of the A allele is linked to moderate increases in circulating triglycerides and total cholesterol [1]. This intermediate genetic profile suggests a slightly reduced efficiency in clearing dietary fats from the bloodstream compared to the common genotype [1]. Multi-ethnic genetic studies indicate that carriers of this single risk allele have a modestly increased likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome [2]. While the risk is less pronounced than in those with two copies of the A allele, it still contributes to a slightly elevated cardiovascular risk profile over time [3]. Emphasizing a heart-healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet rich in unsaturated fats and regular exercise, can help mitigate these genetically influenced lipid elevations.
Moderately higher blood triglyceride levels; Slightly increased risk of metabolic syndrome; Modestly elevated cardiovascular risk.
Sample genotype: GG (Homozygous)
Carrying two copies of the common G allele is associated with optimal baseline lipid clearance and typical blood triglyceride levels [1]. This genotype represents the most common genetic profile globally, helping to maintain standard lipid processing and cholesterol transport [1]. Large-scale genomic analyses show that individuals with this profile have a lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome compared to carriers of the A allele [2]. Additionally, this genetic makeup is associated with a typical, non-elevated risk of coronary artery disease [3]. While overall cardiovascular health is still heavily influenced by lifestyle factors, this genotype provides a favorable genetic baseline for lipid metabolism.
Typical blood triglyceride levels; Lower risk of metabolic syndrome; Standard baseline cardiovascular risk.
Variants with shared genetic architecture
rs28927680 · BUD13 Gene · Chr 11 · Triglyceride Levels
rs6589565 · BUD13 Gene · Chr 11 · Cholesterol and Metabolism
rs180326 · BUD13 Gene · Chr 11 · Metabolic Syndrome Risk
A bivariate genome-wide approach to metabolic syndrome: STAMPEED consortium.
Content updated August 2026.
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