Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Estradiol is the main natural oestrogen. As a medicine, given as tablets, patches, gels, sprays, vaginal rings or tablets, it is used as menopausal hormone therapy for hot flushes, vaginal dryness and preventing osteoporosis, in gender-affirming care, and in some contraceptive pills. It is sold as Estrace, Estrogel, Vagifem and many other names.
Estradiol is broken down by CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 and conjugated by UGT and SULT enzymes. PharmGKB lists a single low-rated finding for estradiol. Oestrogen-containing treatments raise the chance of blood clots, more so in people who carry factor V Leiden or the prothrombin 20210A variant. There is no CPIC or DPWG guideline.
Every published finding on gene variants and Estradiol. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
rs11849538: Level 3. Other. 1.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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