What you carry at this position in your DNA and what research says about it.
Preeclampsia Risk: 8/10 evidence, 16 publications.
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Sample genotype (not yours): G/G
Typical Risk of Preeclampsia and Hypertension
A standard baseline risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia is associated with this genetic profile.
What this genotype means: Typical baseline risk for preeclampsia; Standard response to common blood pressure medications; Typical cardiovascular risk profile.
Sample genotype (not yours): A/A
Elevated Risk of Preeclampsia and Hypertension
Two copies of the variant allele are associated with the highest risk of developing preeclampsia and gestational hypertension.
What this genotype means: Greater than 1.9x increased risk of preeclampsia; Elevated risk of essential hypertension; Altered angiotensinogen protein structure.
Sample genotype (not yours): G/A
Increased Risk of Preeclampsia and Hypertension
One copy of the variant allele is associated with an increased risk of developing preeclampsia during pregnancy.
What this genotype means: Approximately 1.9x increased risk of preeclampsia; Slightly higher susceptibility to essential hypertension; Potentially better response to irbesartan and atenolol.
Gene function and biological role
Gene Function: The AGT gene encodes angiotensinogen, the precursor to angiotensin II, which is a potent regulator of blood pressure and fluid balance [1]. Produced primarily in the liver, angiotensinogen is cleaved by renin to form angiotensin I, which is then converted into angiotensin II to constrict blood vessels [1]. Variations in this gene can alter the levels or activity of angiotensinogen, directly influencing systemic blood pressure and vascular resistance [2]. Because of its central role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, AGT is a major candidate gene for cardiovascular and hypertensive disorders [3].
Variant Impact: The rs4762 variant is a missense mutation in the AGT gene that results in a change from threonine to methionine at position 198, historically referred to as Thr174Met or T174M [4]. This amino acid substitution is thought to alter the stability or processing of the angiotensinogen protein, potentially affecting downstream angiotensin II levels [2]. The altered protein dynamics are associated with changes in blood pressure regulation, particularly during the physiological stress of pregnancy [5]. While ClinVar classifies this variant as benign for rare renal tubular dysgenesis, it remains a well-studied risk factor for common cardiovascular conditions [6].
Key Insight: This variant is historically known in scientific literature as T174M, but modern database updates corrected its actual position to amino acid 198. While carrying the variant allele increases preeclampsia risk, it may also signal a better blood pressure-lowering response to certain medications like irbesartan.
Location: AGT. Chromosome 1 · 1q42.2 · 230.7 Mb
Estimated prevalence by population
Global 79.0%; European 76.6%; African 87.5%; East Asian 80.1%; South Asian 75.8%; Americas 79.0%; Ashkenazi 73.8%; Finnish 65.1%; Middle Eastern 83.7%; Amish 60.2%.
Estimated GG genotype frequency.
Global 19.6%; European 21.8%; African 12.1%; East Asian 18.8%; South Asian 22.5%; Americas 19.8%; Ashkenazi 24.2%; Finnish 31.2%; Middle Eastern 15.6%; Amish 34.8%.
Estimated GA genotype frequency.
Global 1.4%; European 1.6%; African 0.4%; East Asian 1.1%; South Asian 1.7%; Americas 1.2%; Ashkenazi 2.0%; Finnish 3.7%; Middle Eastern 0.7%; Amish 5.0%.
Estimated AA genotype frequency.
Showing effects for G/G genotype
Endocrine & Reproductive
Pregnancy & Birth Complications
Preeclampsia. Evidence: 3/10. Source: PMID 14638622. Typical Risk.
Pharmacogenomics
Cardiovascular Drug Response
Blood Pressure Drug Response. Evidence: 5/10. Source: PMID 11910301. Typical Response.
Cardiovascular & Metabolic
Hypertension
Hypertension. Evidence: 4/10. Source: PMID 28361007. Typical Risk.
Heart Disease
Heart Disease. Evidence: 3/10. Source: PMID 22508051. Typical Risk.
Neurology & Mental Health
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Prion Protein Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 34648354. Typical Levels.
Showing effects for A/A genotype
Preeclampsia. Evidence: 3/10. Source: PMID 14638622. >1.9x Increased Risk.
Hypertension. Evidence: 4/10. Source: PMID 28361007. Increased Risk.
Heart Disease. Evidence: 3/10. Source: PMID 22508051. Increased Risk.
Prion Protein Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 34648354. Higher Levels.
Showing effects for G/A genotype
Preeclampsia. Evidence: 3/10. Source: PMID 14638622. ~1.9x Increased Risk.
Blood Pressure Drug Response. Evidence: 5/10. Source: PMID 11910301. Stronger Response.
Hypertension. Evidence: 4/10. Source: PMID 28361007. Slightly Increased.
Heart Disease. Evidence: 3/10. Source: PMID 22508051. Slightly Increased.
Prion Protein Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 34648354. Slightly Higher.
What this genotype means for the people who carry it
Sample genotype: GG (Homozygous)
Two copies of the reference G allele are associated with a typical baseline risk for developing preeclampsia during pregnancy [1]. Research indicates that this genotype does not carry the elevated risk of gestational hypertension seen in carriers of the variant allele [1]. In addition, studies on essential hypertension and coronary artery disease show that individuals with this profile maintain a standard cardiovascular risk profile [2]. While some blood pressure medications like benazepril show a normal therapeutic response in this group, other drugs like irbesartan or atenolol perform at standard baseline levels [3]. Maintaining typical lifestyle habits, such as a balanced diet and regular exercise, remains the primary way to support cardiovascular health. Regular blood pressure monitoring during routine checkups is sufficient for most people with this genetic background. This genotype represents the most common genetic profile globally, occurring in the vast majority of the population. Overall, this profile indicates no elevated genetic risk for angiotensin-related vascular issues.
Typical baseline risk for preeclampsia; Standard response to common blood pressure medications; Typical cardiovascular risk profile.
Sample genotype: AA (Homozygous)
Two copies of the A allele are associated with a greater than 1.9-fold increased risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy [1]. This variant alters the angiotensinogen protein structure, which can lead to higher systemic vascular resistance and elevated blood pressure [2]. Individuals with this genotype may also have a higher baseline risk for essential hypertension and related cardiovascular conditions [3]. While clinical guidelines do not recommend altering medical care based on this variant alone, close monitoring of blood pressure during pregnancy is a standard preventive measure. Understanding this risk can help you work with your healthcare team to optimize your cardiovascular health. Lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining a low-sodium diet and engaging in regular aerobic exercise, are highly recommended. This homozygous variant profile is relatively rare, occurring in less than two percent of the global population. Being proactive about cardiovascular wellness is the most effective strategy for managing this genetic predisposition.
Greater than 1.9x increased risk of preeclampsia; Elevated risk of essential hypertension; Altered angiotensinogen protein structure.
Sample genotype: GA (Heterozygous)
One copy of the A allele is linked to an approximately 1.9-fold increased risk of developing preeclampsia, a serious pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure [1]. This genetic variant, historically known as T174M, is thought to affect the renin-angiotensin system's regulation of blood vessel constriction [1]. Beyond pregnancy, some studies suggest a slight increase in susceptibility to essential hypertension and coronary artery disease [2]. Interestingly, this genotype is also associated with a significantly better blood pressure-lowering response to medications like irbesartan and atenolol [3]. It is important to discuss these genetic insights with a healthcare provider during pregnancy planning or cardiovascular care. Standard prenatal care often includes regular blood pressure monitoring, which is particularly relevant for carriers of this variant. Managing lifestyle factors like sodium intake and stress can help mitigate the slight increase in cardiovascular risk. This profile represents a common heterozygous state found in about twenty percent of some populations.
Approximately 1.9x increased risk of preeclampsia; Slightly higher susceptibility to essential hypertension; Potentially better response to irbesartan and atenolol.
Variants with shared genetic architecture
rs699 · AGT Gene · Chr 1 · Blood Pressure and Heart Risk
rs5051 · AGT Gene · Chr 1 · Hypertension Risk
rs167479 · RGL3 Gene · Chr 19 · Blood Pressure Risk
Allele-specific expression of angiotensinogen in human subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Assessment of two missense polymorphisms (rs4762 and rs699) of the angiotensinogen gene and stroke.
Implication of an AGT haplotype in a multigene association study with pregnancy hypertension.
Content updated August 2026.
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