What you carry at this position in your DNA and what research says about it.
Diabetes and Cancer Risk: 10/10 evidence, 34 publications.
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Sample genotype (not yours): T/T
Lower Diabetes Risk but Higher Prostate Cancer Risk
Two copies of the T allele favor metabolic efficiency but slightly elevate the risk of prostate cancer. This combination is also associated with a slightly taller stature and higher lean muscle mass.
What this genotype means: Lower risk of type 2 diabetes; Slightly higher risk of prostate cancer; Slightly taller height and higher lean mass.
Sample genotype (not yours): G/G
Higher Diabetes Risk
Two copies of the G allele are linked to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and elevated HbA1c. This metabolic profile is offset by a slightly lower risk of prostate cancer.
What this genotype means: Higher risk of type 2 diabetes; Slightly lower risk of prostate cancer; Slightly lower lean muscle mass.
Sample genotype (not yours): T/G
Typical Diabetes and Cell-Growth Profile
One copy of each allele balances metabolic and cellular growth signals. This genotype represents the typical baseline at this locus.
What this genotype means: Typical risk of type 2 diabetes; Typical risk of prostate cancer; Average height and muscle mass.
Gene function and biological role
Gene Function: The CDKN1B gene provides instructions for making a protein called p27, which acts as a critical brake on cell division [1]. By binding to and inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases, this protein helps control the pace of the cell cycle and prevents cells from growing too rapidly or uncontrollably [1]. Because of this essential role in regulating cell growth, p27 functions as a tumor suppressor in many tissues throughout the body [1]. Rare, severe mutations that completely disable this gene can lead to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4, a rare syndrome characterized by tumors in hormone-producing glands [2]. Common variations in the gene, however, typically cause much subtler shifts in overall metabolic balance and cancer susceptibility rather than severe disease [1].
Variant Impact: The rs2066827 variant is a common missense change in the CDKN1B gene that alters the 109th amino acid of the p27 protein from valine to glycine [1]. This structural modification is thought to subtly influence how effectively the protein regulates cell division and interacts with other cell-cycle machinery [1]. Clinical databases classify this specific change as benign for major hereditary tumor syndromes, meaning it does not cause severe genetic conditions like multiple endocrine neoplasia [2]. Instead, the variant acts as a gentle genetic dial, slightly shifting the balance between metabolic efficiency and cell growth rates across different tissues [1].
Key Insight: This variant acts as a genetic trade-off, where the allele that protects against type 2 diabetes slightly increases the risk of prostate cancer, and vice versa.
Location: CDKN1B. Chromosome 12 · 12p13.1 · 12.7 Mb
Estimated prevalence by population
Global 44.4%; European 57.7%; African 8.1%; East Asian 91.1%; South Asian 46.8%; Americas 55.5%; Ashkenazi 53.8%; Finnish 55.8%; Middle Eastern 33.8%; Amish 82.6%.
Estimated TT genotype frequency.
Global 37.1%; European 36.5%; African 40.7%; East Asian 8.7%; South Asian 43.2%; Americas 38.0%; Ashkenazi 39.1%; Finnish 37.8%; Middle Eastern 48.7%; Amish 16.5%.
Estimated TG genotype frequency.
Global 18.4%; European 5.8%; African 51.3%; East Asian 0.2%; South Asian 10.0%; Americas 6.5%; Ashkenazi 7.1%; Finnish 6.4%; Middle Eastern 17.5%; Amish 0.8%.
Estimated GG genotype frequency.
Showing effects for T/T genotype
Cardiovascular & Metabolic
Diabetes & Glycemic Traits
Type 2 Diabetes. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 32541925. Lower Risk.
Blood Sugar Control. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 34594039. Lower HbA1c.
Cancer & Oncology
Prostate Cancer
Prostate Cancer. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 29892016. ~1.1x Higher Risk.
Lifestyle, Fitness & Aging
Height & Body Size
Height. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 36224396. Slightly Taller.
Muscle Strength & Power
Muscle Mass. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 33097823. Slightly Higher.
Showing effects for G/G genotype
Type 2 Diabetes. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 32541925. ~1.1x Higher Risk.
Blood Sugar Control. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 34594039. Higher HbA1c.
Prostate Cancer. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 29892016. Lower Risk.
Height. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 36224396. Slightly Shorter.
Muscle Mass. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 33097823. Slightly Lower.
Showing effects for T/G genotype
Type 2 Diabetes. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 32541925. Typical Risk.
Blood Sugar Control. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 34594039. Typical HbA1c.
Prostate Cancer. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 29892016. Typical Risk.
Height. Evidence: 10/10. Source: PMID 36224396. Typical Height.
Muscle Mass. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 33097823. Typical.
What this genotype means for the people who carry it
Sample genotype: TT (Homozygous)
Carrying two copies of the T allele provides a protective advantage against metabolic dysfunction, resulting in a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes [1]. Large-scale genomic studies consistently link this genotype to lower average HbA1c levels, indicating more efficient long-term blood sugar regulation [2]. However, the same cellular mechanisms that optimize metabolism also slightly increase susceptibility to prostate cancer, raising the relative risk by about ten percent [3]. On a physical level, this genetic profile is associated with a slightly taller height and greater lean muscle mass. Basal metabolic rate and overall body weight also tend to be slightly higher compared to other genotypes [4]. While the metabolic benefits are highly favorable, maintaining routine health screenings remains important due to the modest increase in prostate cancer risk [3].
Lower risk of type 2 diabetes; Slightly higher risk of prostate cancer; Slightly taller height and higher lean mass.
Sample genotype: GG (Homozygous)
Carrying two copies of the G allele shifts the body's cellular balance toward a higher risk of metabolic challenges [1]. Large-scale genetic analyses associate this genotype with a roughly ten percent increase in the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes [1]. This risk is mirrored by a tendency toward higher average HbA1c levels, suggesting that the body may require more effort to manage blood sugar effectively [2]. Conversely, this genetic makeup offers a protective benefit against prostate cancer, lowering the relative risk of developing the condition [3]. Physically, this profile is linked to a slightly shorter stature and lower average lean muscle mass. Basal metabolic rate also tends to be slightly lower, which can influence how the body processes energy [4]. Prioritizing a balanced diet and regular physical activity can help mitigate the metabolic risks associated with this genotype [1].
Higher risk of type 2 diabetes; Slightly lower risk of prostate cancer; Slightly lower lean muscle mass.
Sample genotype: TG (Heterozygous)
Carrying one T allele and one G allele establishes a balanced genetic baseline across both metabolic and oncological traits. Large population studies show that this intermediate profile does not significantly lean toward either extreme of diabetes or prostate cancer risk. Blood sugar regulation and average HbA1c levels typically fall within the standard population average [1]. Similarly, physical characteristics such as height, lean muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate are generally typical. Because this genotype represents a common middle ground, it does not carry the metabolic advantages of the T/T genotype or the metabolic risks of the G/G genotype. Standard lifestyle recommendations for diet, exercise, and routine health checkups are the most effective ways to manage overall health.
Typical risk of type 2 diabetes; Typical risk of prostate cancer; Average height and muscle mass.
Variants with shared genetic architecture
rs76895963 · CCND2 Gene · Chr 12 · Type 2 Diabetes Risk
rs1635852 · JAZF1 Gene · Chr 7 · Type 2 Diabetes Risk
rs10184004 · COBLL1 Gene · Chr 2 · Type 2 Diabetes Risk
Genetic Association Between CDKN1B rs2066827 Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Cancer.
A cross-population atlas of genetic associations for 220 human phenotypes.
Association analyses of more than 140,000 men identify 63 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci.
Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program.
Content updated August 2026.
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