Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Thiazolidinediones (glitazones) are diabetes medicines that activate PPAR-gamma, a switch in fat, muscle and liver cells that makes the body more sensitive to insulin. The class includes pioglitazone and rosiglitazone (the latter restricted or withdrawn in many countries). Fluid retention, weight gain and bone fractures are known side effects. This page collects studies on the class as a group.
The gene study listed for the class looked at AQP2, a water channel gene in the kidney, for fluid retention (oedema). Gene findings for the individual glitazones, such as CYP2C8 for their breakdown, are on their own pages. There is no CPIC or DPWG guideline.
Every published finding on gene variants and Thiazolidinediones. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
AQP2 rs296766: Level 3. Toxicity: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2. 1.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Chiglitazar (Thiazolidinediones)
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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