Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist and potassium-sparing diuretic: it blocks the receptor for aldosterone, the hormone that makes the kidneys hold salt and lose potassium. It is used for heart failure, resistant high blood pressure, primary aldosteronism, fluid build-up in liver disease, and, because it also blocks androgens, for acne and excess hair growth. It is sold as Aldactone, among other names.
Spironolactone is broken down quickly into several active products, mainly by non-CYP routes. Studies have looked at CYP4A11 and ACE for blood pressure response, and at ADD1, NOS3 and the beta-receptor genes in heart failure. The findings come from a few studies, and there is no CPIC or DPWG guideline.
Every published finding on gene variants and Spironolactone. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
ACE rs4343: Level 3. Efficacy. 1.
NOS3 rs1799983: Level 3. Efficacy: Heart Failure. 1.
ACE rs1799752: Level 3. Efficacy: Heart Failure. 1.
CYP4A11 rs3890011: Level 3. Efficacy: Hypertension. 1.
Studies of how well it worked in people carrying a variant.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Aldosterone Antagonists (class) (Aldosterone Antagonists)
ACE Inhibitors (class) (ACE Inhibitors)
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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