Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
General anaesthetics bring on a reversible loss of consciousness for surgery. Besides the volatile gases, they include intravenous agents such as propofol, ketamine, etomidate and thiopental, used to start anaesthesia or for the whole procedure. This page collects studies on general anaesthetics as a group.
The studies listed for the group looked at the opioid receptor gene OPRM1 and the transporter ABCG2 for recovery and pain after surgery. The key gene evidence in anaesthesia concerns the volatile gases and succinylcholine: RYR1 and CACNA1S variants cause malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, covered by a CPIC guideline on those medicines' pages.
Every published finding on gene variants and General Anesthetics. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
ABCG2 rs2231142: Level 3. Efficacy. 1.
OPRM1 rs1799971: Level 3. Efficacy. 1.
Studies of how well it worked in people carrying a variant.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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