Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy medicine of the antimetabolite group: inside cells it is turned into a false building block of DNA that stops DNA from being copied. It is given by drip for pancreatic, lung, bladder, breast and ovarian cancers, among others. It is sold as Gemzar, among other names.
Studies have looked at genes along gemcitabine's whole path: the carriers that take it into cells (SLC29A1, SLC28A1), the enzymes that activate it (DCK, CMPK1), the enzyme that inactivates it (CDA, cytidine deaminase), and its target, ribonucleotide reductase (RRM1). Low-activity CDA variants have been linked to more side effects. These findings come from single or a few studies, and there is no CPIC or DPWG guideline.
Every published finding on gene variants and Gemcitabine. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
CDA rs2072671: Level 3. Toxicity: Mesothelioma, Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma, Pancreatic Neoplasms. 6.
RRM1 rs9937: Level 3. Efficacy, Toxicity: Neoplasms. 5.
CDA rs1048977: Level 3. Other: Neoplasms. 5.
RRM1 rs12806698: Level 3. Efficacy: Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. 4.
Studies of how quickly the body processes this medication.
Studies of how well it worked in people carrying a variant.
Studies of side effects in people carrying a variant.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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