Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Diabetes medicines lower blood sugar in different ways: insulin and its analogues replace or add to the body's own insulin; metformin reduces glucose release from the liver; sulfonylureas make the pancreas release more insulin; DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists work through gut hormones; SGLT2 inhibitors let the kidneys pass excess sugar; and glitazones improve insulin sensitivity. This page collects studies on diabetes medicines as a group.
The gene studies listed for the group looked at IRS1, a gene of insulin signalling, for blood sugar response. The gene findings for individual medicine groups, such as SLC22A1 for metformin or CYP2C9 for sulfonylureas, are on their own pages. A notable case is monogenic diabetes: people with HNF1A variants (MODY) often respond unusually well to sulfonylureas. There is no CPIC or DPWG guideline.
Every published finding on gene variants and Diabetes Drugs. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
IRS1 rs1801278: Level 3. Efficacy: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2. 1.
Studies of how well it worked in people carrying a variant.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Antithyroid Drugs (class) (Antithyroid Agents)
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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