Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside, originally from the foxglove plant. It blocks the sodium-potassium pump in heart cells, which strengthens the heartbeat, and slows conduction through the heart's AV node. It is used to control the heart rate in atrial fibrillation and in some cases of heart failure. The gap between a working level and a toxic level is narrow, so blood levels are monitored. It is sold as Lanoxin, among other names.
Digoxin is hardly broken down; it is cleared mainly unchanged by the kidneys, with the transporter ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) pumping it out of gut and kidney cells. Nearly all gene studies on digoxin looked at ABCB1 variants such as C3435T and its blood levels, with inconsistent results. Its level depends far more on kidney function and on other medicines that block ABCB1. There is no CPIC or DPWG guideline.
Every published finding on gene variants and Digoxin. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
ABCB1 rs1045642: Level 3. Metabolism/PK. 8.
ABCB1 rs2032582: Level 3. Other. 2.
NOS3 rs1799983: Level 3. Efficacy: Heart Failure. 1.
ABCB1 rs1128503: Level 3. Other. 1.
Studies of how quickly the body processes this medication.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
ACE Inhibitors (class) (ACE Inhibitors)
Acenocoumarol (Anticoagulants)
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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