Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID): it blocks the COX enzymes that make prostaglandins, the signals behind pain and inflammation. It is used for arthritis, back pain, sprains, migraine and period pain, as tablets, injections and widely as a gel on the skin. It is sold as Voltaren, Cataflam and many other names.
Diclofenac is broken down by CYP2C9, UGT2B7 and CYP2C8, but CYP2C9 variants affect its levels much less than for other NSAIDs; the CPIC guideline on CYP2C9 and NSAIDs reviewed diclofenac and found the evidence too limited for a recommendation. Studies have also looked at genes linked to its rare liver injury and to inflammation (IL1B, TNF, IL6). The findings come from single or a few studies.
Every published finding on gene variants and Diclofenac. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
CYP2C9 CYP2C9*1, CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, CYP2C9*8, CYP2C9*13, CYP2C9*36, CYP2C9*37, CYP2C9*38, CYP2C9*39, CYP2C9*40, CYP2C9*42, CYP2C9*43, CYP2C9*44, CYP2C9*45, CYP2C9*46, CYP2C9*47, CYP2C9*48, CYP2C9*50, CYP2C9*52, CYP2C9*53, CYP2C9*54, CYP2C9*55, CYP2C9*59, CYP2C9*60, CYP2C9*62: Level 3. Metabolism/PK. 6.
CYP2C9 rs1057910: Level 3. Toxicity. 2.
CYP2C8 CYP2C8*1, CYP2C8*3, CYP2C8*4: Level 3. Metabolism/PK. 2.
PLCG1 rs2228246: Level 3. Toxicity. 1.
Studies of how quickly the body processes this medication.
Studies of how well it worked in people carrying a variant.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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