Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Cocaine is a stimulant that blocks the reuptake of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin, and a local anaesthetic that blocks sodium channels in nerves. Medically it is used only as a topical anaesthetic for some nose and throat procedures, where it also narrows blood vessels. Its recreational use is illegal in most countries and carries a high risk of dependence.
Cocaine is broken down mainly by esterases in the blood and liver, especially butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE). Studies on this page mostly concern cocaine dependence rather than its medical use, and looked at the opioid receptor genes OPRM1 and OPRK1, the dopamine receptor gene DRD2, the cannabinoid receptor gene CNR1 and others. The findings come from single or a few studies, and there is no CPIC or DPWG guideline.
Every published finding on gene variants and Cocaine. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
DRD2 rs1076560: Level 3. Toxicity: Cocaine dependence. 2.
DRD2 rs2283265: Level 3. Toxicity: Cocaine dependence. 2.
OPRM1 rs3778156: Level 3. Toxicity: Cocaine dependence. 1.
OPRM1 rs2236256: Level 3. Toxicity: Cocaine dependence. 1.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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