Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are a class of medicines that block L-type calcium channels in the muscle of blood vessels and, for some, the heart. The dihydropyridines (such as amlodipine and nifedipine) mainly widen arteries; verapamil and diltiazem also slow the heart rate. They are used for high blood pressure, angina and some fast heart rhythms. This page collects studies on calcium channel blockers as a group.
Studies of the class as a whole have looked at CACNA1C, the gene for the calcium channel these medicines block, and at genes flagged by genome-wide studies (TANC2, NUMA1, PICALM) for how much blood pressure fell. The findings come from a few studies, and there is no CPIC or DPWG guideline. Most calcium channel blockers are broken down by CYP3A4, which is discussed on the pages of individual medicines.
Every published finding on gene variants and Calcium Channel Blockers. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
CACNA1C rs2239050: Level 3. Efficacy: Hypertension. 3.
CACNA1C rs2238032: Level 3. Efficacy: Hypertension. 2.
KCNH2 rs1137617: Level 3. Efficacy: Essential hypertension. 1.
ACE rs1799752: Level 3. Other: Headache Disorders, Migraine with Aura, Migraine without Aura. 1.
Studies of how well it worked in people carrying a variant.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Calan (Calcium Channel Blockers)
Cardene (Calcium Channel Blockers)
Cardizem (Calcium Channel Blockers)
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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