Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Botulinum toxin type A is a purified nerve toxin, made by Clostridium botulinum bacteria, that blocks the release of acetylcholine at nerve endings, relaxing the injected muscles or stopping a gland from working. Injected in tiny amounts, it treats muscle spasticity, dystonia, chronic migraine, overactive bladder and excessive sweating, and smooths wrinkles. It is sold as Botox, Dysport and Xeomin, among other names.
The toxin acts locally and is broken down at the nerve ending, not by drug-processing enzymes. Studies have looked for genes linked to response in chronic migraine, such as TRPV1 and CALCA (which makes CGRP), and GABA and dopamine receptor genes. The findings come from a few studies, and there is no CPIC or DPWG guideline.
Every published finding on gene variants and Botox. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
TRPV1 rs222749: Level 3. Efficacy: Migraine disorder. 1.
CALCA rs3781719: Level 3. Efficacy: Migraine disorder. 1.
Studies of how well it worked in people carrying a variant.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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