Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Apremilast is a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor: by blocking PDE4 inside immune cells it raises cyclic AMP, which turns down the production of inflammatory signals. It is taken as tablets for psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis and mouth ulcers in Behçet's disease. It is sold as Otezla.
Apremilast is broken down mainly by CYP3A4. The gene studies on this page come from one study of people with psoriasis that looked at many genes, including PDE4B (part of its target), CYP3A4 and others, for who responded. The findings have not been confirmed, and there is no CPIC or DPWG guideline.
Every published finding on gene variants and Apremilast. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
Studies of how well it worked in people carrying a variant.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Aldara (Immune Response Modifiers)
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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