What you carry at this position in your DNA and what research says about it.
Hepatitis B Risk: 9/10 evidence, 28 publications.
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Sample genotype (not yours): A/A
Lower Hepatitis B Risk
This genotype is associated with a significantly lower risk of developing chronic hepatitis B infection and a higher likelihood of clearing the virus spontaneously.
What this genotype means: Significantly lower risk of chronic Hepatitis B; Higher likelihood of spontaneous viral clearance; Reduced susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus.
Sample genotype (not yours): A/G
Carrying one copy of the protective A allele is associated with a lower risk of chronic hepatitis B infection and better viral clearance.
What this genotype means: Lower risk of chronic Hepatitis B; Improved spontaneous viral clearance; Moderate protection against systemic lupus erythematosus.
Sample genotype (not yours): G/G
~1.8x Higher Hepatitis B Risk
This genotype is associated with a higher risk of developing chronic hepatitis B and a lower likelihood of clearing the virus spontaneously.
What this genotype means: Increased risk of chronic Hepatitis B; Reduced likelihood of spontaneous viral clearance; Slightly lower risk of cervical and ovarian cancers.
Gene function and biological role
Gene Function: HLA-DPA1 encodes the alpha chain of the HLA-DP heterodimer, a class II major histocompatibility complex receptor. This receptor is primarily expressed on antigen-presenting cells like macrophages and dendritic cells. It plays a critical role in the immune system by presenting foreign antigens to helper T cells, initiating an immune response. Variations in this gene can alter the expression levels of the receptor, directly impacting how effectively the body fights off viral infections [1]. It is also heavily implicated in autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks host tissues [2].
Variant Impact: Located in the 3 prime untranslated region of the HLA-DPA1 gene, rs3077 is a single nucleotide polymorphism that influences mRNA stability. This genetic change directly regulates the expression levels of the HLA-DPA1 receptor [1]. The G allele is associated with significantly reduced expression of HLA-DPA1 in liver tissue, which impairs viral antigen presentation [1]. Conversely, the A allele maintains higher expression levels, boosting the immune response against certain pathogens [1]. This functional difference makes the variant a major determinant of whether an individual can successfully clear certain viral infections [3].
Key Insight: A single genetic letter change in the HLA-DPA1 gene can determine whether your immune system successfully clears the Hepatitis B virus or allows it to become a chronic infection.
Location: HLA-DPA1. Chromosome 6 · 6p21.32 · 33.1 Mb
Estimated prevalence by population
Global 53.1%; European 67.8%; African 25.3%; East Asian 9.7%; South Asian 43.2%; Americas 56.9%; Ashkenazi 69.1%; Finnish 80.5%; Middle Eastern 66.6%; Amish 73.5%.
Estimated AA genotype frequency.
Global 35.9%; European 29.1%; African 50.0%; East Asian 42.8%; South Asian 45.1%; Americas 37.1%; Ashkenazi 28.1%; Finnish 18.4%; Middle Eastern 30.0%; Amish 24.4%.
Estimated AG genotype frequency.
Global 11.0%; European 3.1%; African 24.7%; East Asian 47.5%; South Asian 11.7%; Americas 6.1%; Ashkenazi 2.8%; Finnish 1.1%; Middle Eastern 3.4%; Amish 2.0%.
Estimated GG genotype frequency.
Showing effects for A/A genotype
Immunity & Inflammation
Infection Susceptibility & Resistance
Hepatitis B. Evidence: 9/10. Source: PMID 21750111. Lower Risk.
Autoimmune Diseases
Lupus. Evidence: 3/10. Source: PMID 28094303. Lower Risk.
Cancer & Oncology
Gynecological Cancers
Cervical Cancer. Evidence: 3/10. Source: PMID 23428460. Increased Risk.
Ovarian Cancer. Evidence: 3/10. Source: PMID 27252704. Increased Risk.
Pharmacogenomics
Drug Metabolism Enzyme Activity
Drug Response. Evidence: 5/10. Source: PMID 26387494. Typical Response.
Showing effects for A/G genotype
Ovarian Cancer. Evidence: 3/10. Source: PMID 27252704. Typical Risk.
Showing effects for G/G genotype
Hepatitis B. Evidence: 9/10. Source: PMID 21750111. ~1.8x Higher Risk.
Lupus. Evidence: 3/10. Source: PMID 28094303. Increased Risk.
Cervical Cancer. Evidence: 3/10. Source: PMID 23428460. Lower Risk.
Ovarian Cancer. Evidence: 3/10. Source: PMID 27252704. Lower Risk.
Drug Response. Evidence: 5/10. Source: PMID 26387494. Stronger Response.
What this genotype means for the people who carry it
Sample genotype: AA (Homozygous)
HLA-DPA1 is a key gene in the major histocompatibility complex, which helps the immune system recognize foreign invaders like viruses. Having the A/A genotype leads to higher expression of HLA-DPA1 mRNA in the liver, which enhances the body's ability to present hepatitis B virus antigens to immune cells [1]. Consequently, individuals with this genotype have a significantly lower risk of persistent HBV infection and are much more likely to clear the virus spontaneously if exposed [2]. This active immune response also correlates with a reduced risk of systemic lupus erythematosus [3]. However, this heightened immune presentation has a trade-off, as some studies suggest it may slightly increase the risk of cervical cancer [4] and ovarian cancer [5].
Significantly lower risk of chronic Hepatitis B; Higher likelihood of spontaneous viral clearance; Reduced susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus.
Sample genotype: AG (Heterozygous)
HLA-DPA1 is a crucial component of the immune system's antigen-presentation machinery. Having one copy of the protective A allele helps maintain higher levels of HLA-DPA1 expression in liver tissue compared to the G/G genotype [1]. This enhanced expression supports the immune system in recognizing and clearing the hepatitis B virus, resulting in a lower risk of developing a chronic infection [2]. Research also indicates that this genotype is associated with lower susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus [3]. However, similar to the A/A genotype, the increased antigen presentation associated with the A allele may carry a slight trade-off, including a moderately increased risk of cervical cancer [4].
Lower risk of chronic Hepatitis B; Improved spontaneous viral clearance; Moderate protection against systemic lupus erythematosus.
Sample genotype: GG (Homozygous)
HLA-DPA1 plays a vital role in presenting viral antigens to CD4+ T cells to trigger an immune response. The G/G genotype is associated with significantly decreased mRNA expression of HLA-DPA1 in the liver, which can impair the immune system's ability to recognize and clear the hepatitis B virus [1]. As a result, individuals with this genotype have up to 1.8 times higher odds of developing a chronic, persistent HBV infection [2]. This genotype is also linked to an increased susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus [3]. On the positive side, the lower antigen presentation associated with this genotype may reduce the risk of cervical cancer [4] and ovarian cancer [5]. Additionally, for those who do develop chronic hepatitis B, some evidence suggests that the G/G genotype is associated with a better response to peginterferon alfa-2b therapy [6].
Increased risk of chronic Hepatitis B; Reduced likelihood of spontaneous viral clearance; Slightly lower risk of cervical and ovarian cancers.
Variants with shared genetic architecture
rs7453920 · HLA-DQB2 Gene · Chr 6 · Hepatitis B Risk
rs2234711 · IFNGR1 Gene · Chr 6 · Tuberculosis Risk
rs2834167 · IL10RB Gene · Chr 21 · Autoimmune and Infection Risk
Relevance of HLA-DP/DQ and ICAM-1 SNPs among Ovarian Cancer Patients.
Content updated August 2026.
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