What you carry at this position in your DNA and what research says about it.
Lung Cancer Risk: 7/10 evidence, 93 publications.
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Sample genotype (not yours): A/A
Higher Lung Cancer Risk and Altered Drug Response
Carrying two copies of the A allele is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing lung cancer, particularly among smokers. It also alters how your body processes several common medications, including statins and chemotherapies.
What this genotype means: Significantly increased risk of lung cancer, especially for smokers; Higher risk of muscle pain and damage when taking atorvastatin; Increased susceptibility to nerve damage during paclitaxel chemotherapy.
Sample genotype (not yours): A/C
Typical Cancer Risk with Mixed Medication Responses
Carrying one copy of each allele keeps your lung cancer risk at a typical baseline level. However, this intermediate profile creates a complex mix of drug metabolism rates and potential side effects.
What this genotype means: Typical baseline risk for lung cancer; Slower metabolism of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus; Increased risk of liver irritation when taking atorvastatin.
Sample genotype (not yours): C/C
Typical Cancer Risk and Efficient Drug Processing
Carrying two copies of the C allele is associated with a normal baseline risk for lung cancer. It also supports a favorable response to statins, though it may slow down the clearance of certain other drugs.
What this genotype means: Normal baseline risk for lung cancer; Favorable lipid-lowering response to atorvastatin; Slower clearance of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus.
Gene function and biological role
Gene Function: The ABCB1 gene encodes P-glycoprotein, a vital cellular efflux pump that acts as a protective barrier in the body. This transporter actively pumps toxins, foreign substances, and various medications out of cells, particularly in the intestines, liver, kidneys, and blood-brain barrier. By regulating the absorption, distribution, and elimination of these compounds, it directly influences how the body processes many common drugs [1]. Variations in this gene can significantly alter the pump's efficiency, leading to differences in drug sensitivity, side effects, and disease susceptibility [2].
Variant Impact: The rs2032582 variant is a missense mutation in the ABCB1 gene that alters the amino acid at position 893 from serine to alanine. This structural change directly modifies the transport activity of the P-glycoprotein efflux pump [3]. Because this pump handles a wide range of therapeutic drugs, the alteration affects how medications are cleared from the body [4]. Consequently, this single nucleotide change is heavily studied for its impact on chemotherapy outcomes, statin tolerability, and susceptibility to certain cancers [5].
Key Insight: This variant alters a major cellular gatekeeper, meaning a single genetic change simultaneously impacts how your body processes cholesterol medications, cancer therapies, and immunosuppressants.
Location: ABCB1. Chromosome 7 · 7q21.12 · 87.5 Mb
Estimated prevalence by population
Global 15.8%; European 20.6%; African 0.8%; East Asian 27.7%; South Asian 41.3%; Americas 15.7%; Ashkenazi 13.8%; Finnish 27.5%; Middle Eastern 18.1%; Amish 16.1%.
Estimated AA genotype frequency.
Global 40.1%; European 49.6%; African 16.3%; East Asian 49.9%; South Asian 45.9%; Americas 47.8%; Ashkenazi 46.7%; Finnish 49.9%; Middle Eastern 48.9%; Amish 48.0%.
Estimated AC genotype frequency.
Global 44.1%; European 29.8%; African 82.9%; East Asian 22.4%; South Asian 12.8%; Americas 36.5%; Ashkenazi 39.5%; Finnish 22.6%; Middle Eastern 33.0%; Amish 35.9%.
Estimated CC genotype frequency.
Showing effects for A/A genotype
Cancer & Oncology
Lung Cancer
Lung Cancer. Evidence: 6/10. ~4x Higher Risk.
Pharmacogenomics
Lipid-Lowering Drug Response
Statin Response. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 27296832. Stronger Response.
Immunosuppressant & Biologic Response
Tacrolimus Clearance. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 28736028. Variable Clearance.
Chemotherapy Response
Chemotherapy Response. Evidence: 5/10. Source: PMID 24599932. Higher Toxicity Risk.
Lifestyle, Fitness & Aging
Height & Body Size
Height. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 39024449. Slightly Shorter.
Showing effects for A/C genotype
Lung Cancer. Evidence: 6/10. Typical Risk.
Tacrolimus Clearance. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 28736028. Slower Metabolism.
Chemotherapy Response. Evidence: 5/10. Source: PMID 24599932. Moderate Toxicity.
Height. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 39024449. Typical.
Showing effects for C/C genotype
Chemotherapy Response. Evidence: 5/10. Source: PMID 24599932. Poorer Response.
Height. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 39024449. Slightly Taller.
What this genotype means for the people who carry it
Sample genotype: AA (Homozygous)
Having two copies of the A allele is linked to an estimated four-fold increase in lung cancer risk, especially squamous cell carcinoma in smokers, as the altered cellular pump may fail to clear carcinogens effectively. This genotype also influences how you respond to cardiovascular and oncology medications. For instance, while it is associated with a better response to atorvastatin, it also increases the risk of statin-induced muscle damage [1]. In cancer treatments, this genetic profile is linked to a higher risk of severe side effects like neuropathy and low white blood cell counts during paclitaxel chemotherapy [2]. Additionally, it may correlate with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death in patients taking digoxin [3]. Knowing this status can help healthcare providers tailor drug choices and monitor side effects more closely.
Significantly increased risk of lung cancer, especially for smokers; Higher risk of muscle pain and damage when taking atorvastatin; Increased susceptibility to nerve damage during paclitaxel chemotherapy.
Sample genotype: AC (Heterozygous)
Inheriting one A allele and one C allele generally protects against the elevated lung cancer risk seen in the A/A genotype, keeping your baseline risk typical. However, this heterozygous state results in a highly variable pharmacogenomic profile. When taking atorvastatin to lower cholesterol, you may experience a strong therapeutic response but carry a slightly higher risk of liver irritation [1]. If prescribed the immunosuppressant tacrolimus, your body is likely to metabolize the drug more slowly, which can affect its blood levels and transplant outcomes [2]. During chemotherapy regimens involving paclitaxel or doxorubicin, you face a moderate risk of side effects like neuropathy and neutropenia [3]. Discussing these potential drug-gene interactions with your doctor can help optimize future treatments.
Typical baseline risk for lung cancer; Slower metabolism of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus; Increased risk of liver irritation when taking atorvastatin.
Sample genotype: CC (Homozygous)
Having the C/C genotype means you carry the most common genetic profile, which is associated with a normal baseline risk for lung cancer. This genetic makeup is highly favorable for cholesterol management, as it correlates with an excellent response to atorvastatin therapy [1]. However, this efficient processing does not apply to all medications. For example, individuals with this genotype tend to metabolize the immunosuppressant tacrolimus more slowly, which can raise its blood levels [2]. In cancer care, this profile is sometimes linked to a poorer response to paclitaxel chemotherapy compared to other genotypes [3]. Overall, this genotype represents a standard baseline with specific medication considerations.
Normal baseline risk for lung cancer; Favorable lipid-lowering response to atorvastatin; Slower clearance of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus.
Variants with shared genetic architecture
rs1045642 · ABCB1 Gene · Chr 7 · Medication Response
rs1128503 · ABCB1 Gene · Chr 7 · Medication Response
rs3213619 · ABCB1 Gene · Chr 7 · Chemotherapy Neuropathy Risk
The clinical impact of ABCB1 polymorphisms on the treatment of psychiatric diseases.
ABCB1 gene variants, digoxin and risk of sudden cardiac death in a general population.
ABCB1 polymorphism is associated with atorvastatin-induced liver injury in Japanese population.
Content updated August 2026.
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