What you carry at this position in your DNA and what research says about it.
Leptin Receptor Levels: 8/10 evidence, 4 publications.
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Sample genotype (not yours): G/G
Typical Leptin Receptor Levels
This genotype is associated with typical levels of the soluble leptin receptor and a standard metabolic profile. It does not elevate the risk of obesity or insulin resistance.
What this genotype means: Typical soluble leptin receptor levels; Standard metabolic response.
Sample genotype (not yours): C/C
This genotype is associated with slightly lower levels of the soluble leptin receptor but remains benign for obesity risk. It represents a normal metabolic variation.
What this genotype means: Slightly lower soluble leptin receptor levels; Standard metabolic response.
Sample genotype (not yours): G/C
This genotype is associated with intermediate levels of the soluble leptin receptor and a standard metabolic profile. It does not increase the risk of obesity.
What this genotype means: Intermediate soluble leptin receptor levels; Standard metabolic response.
Gene function and biological role
Gene Function: The LEPR gene encodes the leptin receptor, a vital protein that mediates the signals of the hormone leptin to regulate energy balance and body weight. It is highly expressed in the hypothalamus, where it helps control appetite and fat storage. Mutations in this gene can disrupt leptin signaling, leading to severe early-onset obesity. It also plays a role in insulin secretion, immune function, and cardiovascular health [1].
Variant Impact: The rs1805094 variant, also known as Lys656Asn, is a missense mutation in the extracellular domain of the LEPR gene. This change replaces the amino acid lysine with asparagine at position 656, altering the protein's charge. This alteration can influence the levels of circulating soluble leptin receptors in the blood [2]. However, clinical databases classify this variant as benign for severe monogenic obesity.
Key Insight: Despite being a missense mutation that changes an amino acid in the leptin receptor, this variant is classified as benign and does not cause severe monogenic obesity.
Location: LEPR. Chromosome 1 · 1p31.3 · 65.6 Mb
Estimated prevalence by population
Global 68.1%; European 68.3%; African 64.9%; East Asian 89.0%; South Asian 76.3%; Americas 63.5%; Ashkenazi 60.7%; Finnish 76.4%; Middle Eastern 57.0%; Amish 58.2%.
Estimated GG genotype frequency.
Global 28.7%; European 28.7%; African 31.3%; East Asian 10.7%; South Asian 22.1%; Americas 32.4%; Ashkenazi 34.4%; Finnish 22.0%; Middle Eastern 37.0%; Amish 36.1%.
Estimated GC genotype frequency.
Global 3.2%; European 3.0%; African 3.8%; East Asian 0.3%; South Asian 1.6%; Americas 4.1%; Ashkenazi 4.9%; Finnish 1.6%; Middle Eastern 6.0%; Amish 5.6%.
Estimated CC genotype frequency.
Showing effects for G/G genotype
Cardiovascular & Metabolic
Obesity & Body Composition
Leptin Receptor Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 35870639. Higher Levels.
Obesity. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 11443193. Typical Risk.
Diabetes & Glycemic Traits
Insulin Levels. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 11443193. Typical.
Showing effects for C/C genotype
Leptin Receptor Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 35870639. Lower Levels.
Showing effects for G/C genotype
Leptin Receptor Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 35870639. Intermediate Levels.
What this genotype means for the people who carry it
Sample genotype: GG (Homozygous)
Carrying two copies of the G allele is the most common genetic profile globally. This genotype is associated with higher circulating levels of the soluble leptin receptor compared to other variants [1]. Soluble leptin receptors bind to leptin in the bloodstream, helping to regulate its availability and activity. Despite these differences in receptor levels, clinical evaluations show that this variant does not cause or protect against monogenic obesity. Research also suggests that individuals with this genotype respond normally to lifestyle and dietary interventions for weight management [2].
Typical soluble leptin receptor levels; Standard metabolic response.
Sample genotype: CC (Homozygous)
Carrying two copies of the C allele is associated with slightly lower levels of the soluble leptin receptor in the blood [1]. However, this change does not impair the receptor's primary function in a clinically significant way. Clinical databases confirm that this variant is benign and does not cause monogenic obesity or leptin receptor deficiency. Some research has explored potential associations with insulin levels in specific subgroups, but overall findings remain mixed and show no strong link to metabolic disease [2]. Individuals with this genotype can expect typical metabolic health and standard responses to weight management strategies.
Slightly lower soluble leptin receptor levels; Standard metabolic response.
Sample genotype: GC (Heterozygous)
Carrying one copy of the G allele and one copy of the C allele results in intermediate levels of the soluble leptin receptor. This heterozygous profile is common and does not significantly alter metabolic health or appetite regulation. Clinical databases classify this genetic variation as benign, meaning it does not lead to severe leptin receptor deficiency or monogenic obesity. Studies investigating weight loss and metabolic changes after lifestyle modifications show that individuals with this genotype experience typical outcomes [1]. It is considered a normal genetic variation with no adverse health impacts.
Intermediate soluble leptin receptor levels; Standard metabolic response.
Variants with shared genetic architecture
rs1805096 · LEPR Gene · Chr 1 · Systemic Inflammation Risk
rs1892534 · LEPR Gene · Chr 1 · C-Reactive Protein Levels
rs1137101 · LEPR Gene · Chr 1 · Obesity Risk
Content updated August 2026.
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