What you carry at this position in your DNA and what research says about it.
Autoimmune and Heart Risk: 8/10 evidence, 20 publications.
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Sample genotype (not yours): G/G
Higher Risk of Autoimmune and Cardiovascular Conditions
Two copies of the G allele are associated with an elevated risk of rheumatoid arthritis, preeclampsia, and heart failure. This genotype is also linked to slightly higher systolic blood pressure.
What this genotype means: Increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis; Higher likelihood of preeclampsia during pregnancy; Elevated risk of heart failure and arterial disease.
Sample genotype (not yours): A/A
Typical Risk of Autoimmune and Cardiovascular Conditions
Two copies of the A allele provide a protective effect against the elevated risks of rheumatoid arthritis, preeclampsia, and heart failure associated with this variant.
What this genotype means: Typical baseline risk for rheumatoid arthritis; Standard risk for preeclampsia during pregnancy; Typical systolic blood pressure levels.
Sample genotype (not yours): G/A
Moderately Elevated Risk of Autoimmune and Heart Issues
Carrying one copy of the G allele is associated with a moderate increase in the risk of rheumatoid arthritis, preeclampsia, and high blood pressure. This genotype represents an intermediate risk profile.
What this genotype means: Moderately increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis; Slightly higher risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy; Slightly elevated systolic blood pressure.
Gene function and biological role
Gene Function: LINC02356 is a long intergenic non-protein coding RNA gene located on chromosome 12. While its exact molecular mechanisms remain under active investigation, it lies in a genomic region heavily implicated in immune and vascular regulation. Specifically, LINC02356 is located near key genes like SH2B3 and PTPN11, which control cytokine signaling, cell growth, and inflammatory pathways [1]. Variations in this genomic neighborhood are known to influence susceptibility to multiple autoimmune and cardiovascular conditions [2].
Variant Impact: The variant rs10774624 is an upstream transcript variant located near the LINC02356 gene. This genetic change acts as a regulatory marker that influences the expression of nearby genes involved in immune response and blood vessel function [1]. The G allele of this variant is consistently linked to increased systemic inflammation, higher blood pressure, and elevated risk for several chronic diseases [3]. Conversely, the A allele is associated with a more typical inflammatory profile and lower overall disease risk [3].
Key Insight: This variant acts as a genetic bridge between immune system regulation and cardiovascular health, with a single letter change simultaneously influencing joint inflammation and blood vessel tension.
Location: SH2B3. Chromosome 12 · 12q24.12 · 111.4 Mb
Estimated prevalence by population
Global 14.2%; European 23.7%; African 0.7%; East Asian < 0.1%; South Asian 0.9%; Americas 9.1%; Ashkenazi 45.3%; Finnish 15.8%; Middle Eastern 13.7%; Amish 20.9%.
Estimated GG genotype frequency.
Global 36.5%; European 50.0%; African 15.2%; East Asian 0.5%; South Asian 17.2%; Americas 42.2%; Ashkenazi 44.0%; Finnish 47.9%; Middle Eastern 46.7%; Amish 49.6%.
Estimated GA genotype frequency.
Global 49.2%; European 26.3%; African 84.2%; East Asian 99.5%; South Asian 81.8%; Americas 48.7%; Ashkenazi 10.7%; Finnish 36.3%; Middle Eastern 39.6%; Amish 29.5%.
Estimated AA genotype frequency.
Showing effects for G/G genotype
Immunity & Inflammation
Autoimmune Diseases
Rheumatoid Arthritis. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 24390342. ~1.18x Risk.
Endocrine & Reproductive
Pregnancy & Birth Complications
Preeclampsia. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 33239696. ~1.2x Risk.
Cardiovascular & Metabolic
Heart Disease
Heart Failure. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 36376295. Increased Risk.
Hypertension
Systolic Blood Pressure. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 30578418. +0.96 mmHg.
Lipids & Cholesterol
Cholesterol Levels. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 38448586. Slightly Lower.
Organ Systems
Skin & Hair Conditions
Vitiligo. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 27723757. ~1.54x Risk.
Showing effects for A/A genotype
Rheumatoid Arthritis. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 24390342. Typical Risk.
Preeclampsia. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 33239696. Typical Risk.
Heart Failure. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 36376295. Typical Risk.
Systolic Blood Pressure. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 30578418. Typical.
Cholesterol Levels. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 38448586. Slightly Higher.
Vitiligo. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 27723757. Typical Risk.
Showing effects for G/A genotype
Rheumatoid Arthritis. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 24390342. ~1.09x Risk.
Preeclampsia. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 33239696. ~1.1x Risk.
Heart Failure. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 36376295. Slightly Increased.
Systolic Blood Pressure. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 30578418. +0.48 mmHg.
Cholesterol Levels. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 38448586. Typical.
Vitiligo. Evidence: 6/10. Source: PMID 27723757. ~1.27x Risk.
What this genotype means for the people who carry it
Sample genotype: GG (Homozygous)
Carrying two copies of the G allele significantly increases susceptibility to chronic inflammatory and vascular issues. Large-scale genetic studies have demonstrated that this genotype elevates the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis, a painful autoimmune joint condition [1]. During pregnancy, individuals with this genotype have a higher likelihood of experiencing preeclampsia, a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure [2]. Additionally, the G allele is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and peripheral arterial disease [3]. Research indicates that this variant may influence the expression of nearby regulatory genes, leading to heightened systemic inflammation and elevated systolic blood pressure [4]. Autoimmune skin conditions, such as vitiligo, are also more prevalent among individuals carrying this genotype [5].
Increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis; Higher likelihood of preeclampsia during pregnancy; Elevated risk of heart failure and arterial disease; Slightly higher systolic blood pressure.
Sample genotype: AA (Homozygous)
Carrying two copies of the A allele is the most common genetic profile globally and is associated with a typical baseline risk for several chronic conditions. This genotype avoids the elevated risks of rheumatoid arthritis and vitiligo seen with the G allele [1] [2]. During pregnancy, individuals with this profile have a typical, non-elevated risk of preeclampsia [3]. Cardiovascular health is also favored, with typical systolic blood pressure levels and a lower likelihood of heart failure or peripheral arterial disease [4] [5]. While this genotype is associated with slightly higher total and HDL cholesterol levels, this metabolic variation does not translate to an increased risk of vascular disease [6]. Overall, this genetic makeup supports a standard inflammatory and cardiovascular baseline.
Typical baseline risk for rheumatoid arthritis; Standard risk for preeclampsia during pregnancy; Typical systolic blood pressure levels.
Sample genotype: GA (Heterozygous)
Having one copy of the G allele and one copy of the A allele places individuals in a moderate risk category for several inflammatory and cardiovascular traits. This genotype is linked to a slightly elevated risk of rheumatoid arthritis compared to the typical baseline [1]. Pregnant individuals carrying this combination have a moderately increased chance of developing preeclampsia [2]. The presence of the G allele also correlates with a minor upward shift in systolic blood pressure and a slightly higher risk of heart failure [3] [4]. While the risk is lower than that of individuals with two copies of the G allele, maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle remains beneficial. This genetic profile also shows a moderate association with autoimmune skin conditions like vitiligo [5].
Moderately increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis; Slightly higher risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy; Slightly elevated systolic blood pressure.
Variants with shared genetic architecture
rs7310615 · SH2B3 Gene · Chr 12 · Cardiovascular and Blood Health
rs3184504 · SH2B3 Gene · Chr 12 · Celiac Disease Risk
rs167479 · RGL3 Gene · Chr 19 · Blood Pressure Risk
Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to biology and drug discovery.
Trans-ethnic association study of blood pressure determinants in over 750,000 individuals.
Genome-wide characterization of circulating metabolic biomarkers.
Content updated August 2026.
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