What you carry at this position in your DNA and what research says about it.
Asthma and Allergy Risk: 9/10 evidence, 24 publications.
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Sample genotype (not yours): T/T
Higher Risk of Asthma and Allergic Diseases
An increased susceptibility to asthma and environmental allergies is associated with this genotype. Immune responses may be more easily triggered, leading to higher levels of allergy-related blood markers.
What this genotype means: Increased risk of asthma; Higher baseline IgE levels; Elevated eosinophil counts.
Sample genotype (not yours): C/C
Typical Risk of Asthma and Allergic Diseases
A lower risk of developing asthma and allergic conditions is associated with this genotype. Immune responses to common environmental triggers are typically more balanced.
What this genotype means: Typical/lower risk of asthma; Typical baseline IgE levels; Better response to esomeprazole.
Sample genotype (not yours): T/C
Slightly Higher Risk of Asthma and Allergic Diseases
A moderately elevated risk of asthma and allergic sensitization is linked to this genotype. Immune pathways remain slightly more sensitive to environmental allergens.
What this genotype means: Moderately increased risk of asthma; Slightly elevated IgE levels; Better response to esomeprazole.
Gene function and biological role
Gene Function: The NAB2 gene encodes a protein that regulates transcription and cell growth, while the neighboring STAT6 gene is a crucial driver of the body's allergic response system [1]. STAT6 is activated by immune signaling molecules like interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, which direct immune cells to produce immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies [2]. These antibodies are key players in triggering allergic reactions, asthma, and eczema [2]. Because of their close physical proximity on chromosome 12, genetic variations in this region often influence the activity of both genes, particularly affecting how strongly the immune system reacts to harmless environmental triggers.
Variant Impact: The rs1059513 variant is located in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the NAB2 gene, a regulatory segment that influences gene stability and expression levels. This genetic change is in tight linkage disequilibrium with functional variations in the adjacent STAT6 gene, meaning they are almost always inherited together [1]. The T allele of this variant is strongly associated with increased STAT6 activity, which leads to higher levels of IgE antibodies and elevated eosinophil counts in the blood [3]. Conversely, the C allele is linked to more moderate immune responses and a reduced likelihood of developing allergic conditions [1].
Key Insight: The same genetic variant that influences your risk for asthma and environmental allergies also plays a role in how well children respond to certain acid-reflux medications like esomeprazole.
Location: STAT6. Chromosome 12 · 12q13.3 · 57.1 Mb
Estimated prevalence by population
Global 84.7%; European 80.2%; African 91.0%; East Asian 84.0%; South Asian 90.3%; Americas 81.3%; Ashkenazi 88.4%; Finnish 90.3%; Middle Eastern 78.2%; Amish 89.8%.
Estimated TT genotype frequency.
Global 14.6%; European 18.7%; African 8.8%; East Asian 15.3%; South Asian 9.4%; Americas 17.8%; Ashkenazi 11.2%; Finnish 9.4%; Middle Eastern 20.4%; Amish 10.0%.
Estimated TC genotype frequency.
Global 0.7%; European 1.1%; African 0.2%; East Asian 0.7%; South Asian 0.2%; Americas 1.0%; Ashkenazi 0.4%; Finnish 0.2%; Middle Eastern 1.3%; Amish 0.3%.
Estimated CC genotype frequency.
Showing effects for T/T genotype
Organ Systems
Respiratory Health
Asthma. Evidence: 9/10. Source: PMID 29785011. ~1.13x Higher Risk.
Skin & Hair Conditions
Atopic Eczema. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 34116867. Increased Risk.
Digestive & Gut Disorders
Esomeprazole Response. Evidence: 5/10. Source: PMID 31490856. Typical Response.
Immunity & Inflammation
Allergy & Hypersensitivity
Allergic Disease. Evidence: 9/10. Source: PMID 27182965. ~1.08x Higher Risk.
Inflammatory & Circulating Protein Markers
IgE Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 22075330. Higher Levels.
Cardiovascular & Metabolic
Blood Cell & Iron Traits
Eosinophil Count. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 27863252. Higher Count.
Showing effects for C/C genotype
Asthma. Evidence: 9/10. Source: PMID 29785011. Typical Risk.
Atopic Eczema. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 34116867. Typical Risk.
Esomeprazole Response. Evidence: 5/10. Source: PMID 31490856. Stronger Response.
Allergic Disease. Evidence: 9/10. Source: PMID 27182965. Typical Risk.
IgE Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 22075330. Typical Levels.
Eosinophil Count. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 27863252. Typical Count.
Showing effects for T/C genotype
Asthma. Evidence: 9/10. Source: PMID 29785011. Slightly Higher Risk.
Atopic Eczema. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 34116867. Slightly Higher Risk.
Allergic Disease. Evidence: 9/10. Source: PMID 27182965. Slightly Higher Risk.
IgE Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 22075330. Slightly Higher.
Eosinophil Count. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 27863252. Slightly Higher.
What this genotype means for the people who carry it
Sample genotype: TT (Homozygous)
Inheriting two copies of the T allele is linked to a higher likelihood of developing asthma and various allergic conditions [1]. Large-scale genomic analyses show a clear association between this genotype and elevated levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), the primary antibody responsible for allergic reactions [2]. Eosinophil counts, which are white blood cells involved in inflammatory responses, also tend to be higher in those with this genetic profile [3]. These factors combine to make the respiratory tract and skin more sensitive to environmental allergens like pollen, dust mites, or animal dander [1]. Additionally, research suggests a slightly lower response rate to proton pump inhibitor therapies like esomeprazole when treating certain eosinophilic conditions [4]. Managing exposure to known triggers and working with healthcare providers can help mitigate these risks.
Increased risk of asthma; Higher baseline IgE levels; Elevated eosinophil counts.
Sample genotype: CC (Homozygous)
Possessing two copies of the protective C allele is linked to the lowest risk of asthma, eczema, and allergic sensitization [1]. Studies show that this genotype is associated with lower baseline levels of IgE antibodies, reducing the likelihood of severe allergic reactions [2]. Eosinophil counts in the blood also tend to remain within a typical, healthy range, reflecting a more stable inflammatory profile [3]. Furthermore, pediatric clinical trials have demonstrated that this genotype is associated with a significantly better response to esomeprazole treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis [4]. This balanced immune state provides natural resilience against common respiratory and skin allergies [1]. While environmental factors still play a role, this genetic makeup offers a protective advantage against chronic allergic inflammation.
Typical/lower risk of asthma; Typical baseline IgE levels; Better response to esomeprazole.
Sample genotype: TC (Heterozygous)
Carrying one copy of the T allele and one copy of the C allele is associated with a moderate increase in the risk of asthma and allergic diseases [1]. This intermediate genetic profile often results in slightly elevated levels of IgE antibodies and higher circulating eosinophil counts compared to the protective genotype [2] [3]. The immune system's Th2 pathway, which drives allergic inflammation, is typically more active in these individuals [1]. Interestingly, clinical studies indicate that carriers of the C allele may experience a more favorable response to esomeprazole therapy for pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis [4]. While the risk of respiratory and skin allergies is higher than in C/C homozygotes, it is generally lower than in those with the T/T genotype [1]. Maintaining a healthy indoor environment and monitoring respiratory symptoms are practical ways to manage this genetic predisposition.
Moderately increased risk of asthma; Slightly elevated IgE levels; Better response to esomeprazole.
Variants with shared genetic architecture
rs3024971 · STAT6 Gene · Chr 12 · Asthma and Allergy Risk
rs167769 · STAT6 Gene · Chr 12 · Allergic Disease Risk
rs20541 · IL13 Gene · Chr 5 · Asthma and Eczema Risk
Shared genetic origin of asthma, hay fever and eczema elucidates allergic disease biology.
The Allelic Landscape of Human Blood Cell Trait Variation and Links to Common Complex Disease.
Multiethnic genome-wide and HLA association study of total serum IgE level.
Content updated August 2026.
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