What you carry at this position in your DNA and what research says about it.
Prostate Cancer Risk: 8/10 evidence, 17 publications.
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Sample genotype (not yours): C/C
Typical Prostate Cancer Risk
This genotype is the most common globally and does not carry the risk-increasing T allele. It is associated with typical baseline risk for prostate cancer and standard prostate-specific antigen levels.
What this genotype means: Typical prostate cancer risk; Standard baseline PSA levels.
Sample genotype (not yours): C/T
Slightly Increased Prostate Cancer Risk
Carrying one copy of the T allele is associated with a modest increase in prostate cancer susceptibility. It may also lead to slightly higher baseline prostate-specific antigen levels.
What this genotype means: Slightly increased prostate cancer risk; Slightly higher baseline PSA levels.
Sample genotype (not yours): T/T
Increased Prostate Cancer Risk
Carrying two copies of the T allele is associated with a higher susceptibility to prostate cancer. It is also linked to elevated baseline prostate-specific antigen levels.
What this genotype means: Increased prostate cancer risk; Elevated baseline PSA levels.
Gene function and biological role
Gene Function: The PRNCR1 gene, also known as prostate cancer associated non-coding RNA 1, is located on chromosome 8q24. It produces a long non-coding RNA molecule rather than a protein. This non-coding RNA is believed to play a regulatory role in cell proliferation and gene expression. Research suggests that PRNCR1 is upregulated in several types of malignancies, including colorectal and prostate cancers. Its expression levels have been studied as potential biomarkers for cancer susceptibility and progression.
Variant Impact: The rs1016343 variant is a single nucleotide polymorphism located within the PRNCR1 gene. As an intronic variant, it does not change a protein sequence but can influence gene regulation. Multiple genome-wide association studies have linked the T allele of this variant to an increased risk of prostate cancer. It is also associated with variations in baseline prostate-specific antigen levels. This variant represents one of several independent risk signals clustered in the 8q24 genomic region.
Key Insight: This variant not only influences prostate cancer risk but also naturally alters baseline PSA levels, which can affect how screening tests are interpreted.
Location: PRNCR1. Chromosome 8 · 8q24.21 · 127.1 Mb
Estimated prevalence by population
Global 63.6%; European 63.1%; African 62.1%; East Asian 45.3%; South Asian 71.3%; Americas 72.1%; Ashkenazi 66.1%; Finnish 62.6%; Middle Eastern 71.7%; Amish 79.6%.
Estimated CC genotype frequency.
Global 32.2%; European 32.7%; African 33.4%; East Asian 44.0%; South Asian 26.3%; Americas 25.6%; Ashkenazi 30.4%; Finnish 33.0%; Middle Eastern 25.9%; Amish 19.2%.
Estimated CT genotype frequency.
Global 4.2%; European 4.2%; African 4.5%; East Asian 10.7%; South Asian 2.4%; Americas 2.3%; Ashkenazi 3.5%; Finnish 4.4%; Middle Eastern 2.3%; Amish 1.2%.
Estimated TT genotype frequency.
Showing effects for C/C genotype
Cancer & Oncology
Prostate Cancer
Prostate Cancer. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 17401366. Typical Risk.
PSA Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 37264206. Typical Levels.
General Cancer Risk
General Cancer Risk. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 34290314. Typical Risk.
Showing effects for C/T genotype
Prostate Cancer. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 17401366. Slightly Increased.
PSA Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 37264206. Slightly Higher.
General Cancer Risk. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 34290314. Slightly Increased.
Showing effects for T/T genotype
Prostate Cancer. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 17401366. ~1.26x Increased Risk.
PSA Levels. Evidence: 8/10. Source: PMID 37264206. Higher Levels.
General Cancer Risk. Evidence: 7/10. Source: PMID 34290314. Increased Risk.
What this genotype means for the people who carry it
Sample genotype: CC (Homozygous)
Carrying two copies of the common C allele means you lack the genetic variant that elevates prostate cancer susceptibility at this locus. Large-scale genomic studies have consistently shown that individuals with this genotype have typical baseline risks of developing prostate cancer compared to carriers of the T allele. Furthermore, your genetic baseline for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels is typical, which is helpful context for interpreting routine screening results. Because this genotype represents the standard genetic background, it does not contribute to elevated risk for other hormone-sensitive cancers. Maintaining routine screening guidelines remains the standard recommendation for general health.
Typical prostate cancer risk; Standard baseline PSA levels.
Sample genotype: CT (Heterozygous)
Having one copy of the risk-associated T allele is linked to a moderately higher susceptibility to prostate cancer. Research indicates that this genetic variant may influence the expression of the PRNCR1 non-coding RNA, which plays a role in regulating androgen receptor activity. This genotype is also associated with slightly higher baseline levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), an important biomarker used in prostate health screenings. Knowing this genetic tendency can help healthcare providers better contextualize PSA screening results, as genetically higher baseline levels might otherwise be misinterpreted. It is also linked to a slightly higher risk of other hormone-sensitive cancers.
Slightly increased prostate cancer risk; Slightly higher baseline PSA levels.
Sample genotype: TT (Homozygous)
Carrying two copies of the T allele is associated with the highest genetic risk at this locus for developing prostate cancer. This variant resides in a key regulatory region on chromosome 8q24, which has been heavily implicated in prostate oncogenesis across diverse populations. The T allele is strongly associated with elevated baseline levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). This genetic elevation in PSA can complicate the interpretation of screening tests, making personalized, genetically adjusted screening thresholds a valuable tool for clinical evaluation. Additionally, this genotype has been linked to a broader susceptibility to hormone-sensitive cancers.
Increased prostate cancer risk; Elevated baseline PSA levels.
Variants with shared genetic architecture
rs1456315 · PRNCR1 Gene · Chr 8 · Prostate Cancer Risk
rs72725879 · PRNCR1 Gene · Chr 8 · Prostate Cancer Risk
rs13252298 · PRNCR1 Gene · Chr 8 · Prostate Cancer Risk
Content updated August 2026.
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