Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are immune checkpoint inhibitors: antibodies that release a brake on T cells so the immune system can attack cancer. The class includes pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab, atezolizumab, durvalumab and avelumab, used for melanoma, lung, kidney, bladder, head and neck cancers and many others. Their side effects are immune reactions that can affect almost any organ. This page collects studies on the class as a group.
As antibodies, these medicines are not broken down by drug-processing enzymes. The gene studies listed looked at IL7, linked in a large study to immune side effects, and at FTO. Whether they work depends largely on features of the tumour, such as PD-L1 levels, mismatch repair deficiency and tumour mutation burden, which are tested on tumour tissue and not inherited. There is no CPIC or DPWG guideline.
Every published finding on gene variants and PD-1 Inhibitors. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
IL7 rs16906115: Level 3. Toxicity: adverse events. 3.
Studies of how well it worked in people carrying a variant.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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