Raw research findings for this medication. Mostly single studies, not curated or confirmed robust.
Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor: it blocks angiotensin-converting enzyme, so less angiotensin II is made, blood vessels relax and the body holds less salt. It is used for high blood pressure, heart failure and to protect the kidneys. A dry cough is a common side effect of this class. It is sold as Vasotec and Renitec, among other names.
Enalapril is a prodrug that the liver enzyme CES1 turns into enalaprilat; a CES1 variant (rs71647871, G143E) reduces this activation. Studies have also looked at ACE (especially its insertion/deletion polymorphism) for blood pressure response, and at the bradykinin receptor gene BDKRB2 for ACE inhibitor cough. The findings come from single or a few studies, and there is no CPIC or DPWG guideline.
Every published finding on gene variants and Enalapril. Upload your DNA file to see which of these rows apply to you.
PharmGKB weighs all studies of a variant and rates how strong the evidence is, from 1A (strongest) to 4.
ACE rs1799752: Level 3. Efficacy: Arteriosclerosis, Coronary Disease, Essential hypertension, Glomerulonephritis, IGA, Kidney Disorder. 8.
ADRB2 rs1042714: Level 3. Efficacy: Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular. 1.
NR3C2 rs5522: Level 3. Efficacy: Hypertension. 1.
CES1 rs71647871: Level 3. Metabolism/PK. 1.
Studies of how quickly the body processes this medication.
Studies of how well it worked in people carrying a variant.
Study findings and evidence levels: PharmGKB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Guidelines: CPIC and DPWG, as bundled in PharmCAT. Most studies were done mainly in people of European ancestry.
More drugs from the same category
ACE Inhibitors (class) (ACE Inhibitors)
Not a prescribing recommendation. This page is educational information about pharmacogenomic research and clinical guidelines - it is not medical or dosing advice, and not a prediction of how any medication will work for you. Never start, stop, or change a medication or dose based on it; talk to your doctor or pharmacist, who can order clinical-grade testing if appropriate.
Content updated September 2026.
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